中国空间站 On currently on 20th April 2022, the Belt and Road InitiativeCNSA –China National Space Administration CSS China Space Station in which on a three to six months setting up a new home of the first three Shenzhou 13 has finally complete its mission in returning safely on 16th April 2022 onto the Dongfeng Aerospace City – Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center – Inner Mongolia- China – People’s Republic of China
On Currently on 20th April 2022 Tianzhou-3 cargo spacecraft completes orbital flight and forward rendezvous and docking The latest news from the China Manned Space Office, at 5:02 morning on April 20th 2022 Hong Kong SAR Beijing time, the Tianzhou-3 cargo spacecraft went from the space station Tianhe core module to the rear port Separated, flew around to the forward port, and completed the automatic rendezvous and docking at 9:06. At present, the Tianhe core module of the space station and the Tianzhou-3 combination are in good condition, and will welcome the visits of the Tianzhou-4 cargo spacecraft, the Shenzhou-14 manned spacecraft and the Wentian experimental module ….
At 1750 Hours Hong Kong Beijing Time on a very clear 29th March Tuesday 2022 2022, China- People’s Republic of China- CNSA –China National Space Administration Successfully launched the New Next Generation Long March 6 Chang Zheng 6 carrier rocket at the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center Shanxi Province …… modified carrier rocket at the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center, carrying the Pujiang 2 and The Tiankun-2 satellite successfully entered the scheduled orbit, and the launch mission was a complete success.
The launch vehicle is a new generation of non-toxic and non-polluting launch vehicle in China – People’s Republic of China. It is the first solid bundled launch vehicle in my country and is used to launch satellites in sun-synchronous orbit. The Pujiang-2 satellite is mainly used for scientific experimental research, land and resources census and other tasks, and the Tiankun-2 satellite is mainly used for the experimental verification of space environment detection technology. This mission is the 412th flight of the Long March series of launch vehicles.
The Chang Zheng6A Long March 6A modified carrier rocket was developed by the Eighth Academy of China Aviation and is the first solid-liquid bundled carrier rocket in China – People’s Republic of China. This mission is the 412th launch of China – People’s Republic of China Chang Zheng- Long March series of launch vehicles.
Hong Gang, the commander-in-chief of the Changliu, said in an interview that through the adjustment of the boosters in the future, the Chang Zheng6A -Long March 6A reform can form a single-core stage, bundle 2 solid boosters, bundle 4 solid boosters, and bundle a universal core stage. and other configurations to form a series of launch vehicles with a wide range of carrying capabilities, reasonable gradients and high cost performance, to meet the diverse and intensive launch requirements of future satellites.
The Chang Zheng6A -Long March 6A modified carrier rocket adopts a two-stage and a half configuration. The core first-stage power system has a diameter of 3.35 meters and is composed of two 120-ton thrust liquid oxygen kerosene engines in parallel. Pressure medium; the core secondary power system has a diameter of 3.35 meters and is equipped with a liquid oxygen kerosene engine with a thrust of 18 tons. The single flight working time of the engine exceeds 500 seconds; the auxiliary power YF-86A auxiliary power system consists of 18 thrust Composed of 200N and 40N attitude control engines, it provides rolling torque for the second stage of the rocket during flight, and provides pitch, yaw and rolling impulses before the satellite is separated, ensuring that the satellite enters orbit with higher precision. The total length of the whole arrow is about 50 meters, the take-off weight of the whole Chang Zheng6A -Long March 6A Carrier Rocket is about 530 tons, and the carrying capacity of the 700-kilometer sun-synchronous orbit is not less than 4 tons. Referencing to Sixth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology…..
The “mix and match” of solid power and liquid power is the special feature of this type of rocket. The 4 boosters of the rocket use the two-stage 120-ton thrust solid engine developed by the Fourth Academy of China Aviation, and the core stage adopts the liquid oxygen kerosene engine developed by the Sixth Academy of China Airlines, which gives full play to the high performance, long working time and solid engine of the liquid engine. The advantages of large thrust and simple use and maintenance. The successful first flight of the rocket marks that my country has made breakthroughs in key technologies such as the binding and separation technology of solid boosters, the technology of large concentrated force diffusion at the binding point, and the combined rocking control of solid-liquid binding.
With a brand new “smart launch site complexes” has been put into use, and the new station has been adapted and transformed to be able to launch Seven types of Chang Zheng Long march carrier rocket of launch vehicles During the first flight mission of Chang Zheng 6A Long March 6A, China – People’s Republic of China built the first satellite launch center in Taiyuan. The “smart launch site” was also put into use for the first time, realizing remote control and unattended operation from Carrier Rocket filling to launching.
About four hours before launch, ground personnel were evacuated from under the tower. In the remote control room about two kilometers away from the tower, operators in positions such as air conditioners, platforms, and pendulums keep their eyes on the screen and closely monitor the status of the rocket. Xue Weijun, commander of the intelligent launch site system of Taiyuan Satellite Launch: Before the intelligent launch site was put into use, most of the ground equipment operations were completed by the front-end staff, and the evacuation could only be carried out 15 minutes before the rocket launch. Unattended mode only need to remotely control and monitor in front of the computer terminal, to ensure the normal operation of each work.
The construction of the new launch tower will be completed in 2021, and this is the first time it has been put into use. Under the automatic operation of the system, a series of actions such as liquid oxygen filling, connector falling off, and turning platform opening of the Chang Zheng Long March Carrier rocket were successfully completed, and the rocket entered the launch state. .
Zhang Xin, Commander of Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center No. 1: The measurement and launch process management and control platform is the core of our smart launch site. The status information of the facilities and equipment of the launch site is displayed and analysed in a unified and centralized manner through intelligent, networked and informative means. The goal of being unattended during the refuelling and launching process is achieved, and the personnel at the test and launch positions are more capable. Compared with traditional launches, the smart launch site has truly achieved rapid preparation and one-click launch. The number of post personnel has been reduced by more than half, and the shortest single-launch task process can be shortened to 14 days, which is more suitable for high-density launches and emergency launch missions.
Zheng Taifeng, head of the tower of the smart launch site: The smart launch site of the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center can currently carry out the launch of various types of launch vehicles from the Long March 6. After adaptive transformation, it can meet 7 different types of Long March 2 and Long March 4 series. Model launch vehicle launches capability. In the future rapid launch missions, the application value of the smart launch site will be brought into full play…
On October 19th Thursday 2021, theChinese Academy of Sciences released the latest research results of the Chang’e-5 lunar scientific research samples. A number of breakthroughs have given a new understanding of the evolution of the moon. The research results of the lunar samples of Chang’e 5 show that magma activity still existed on the moon until 2 billion years ago. The lunar mantle source area of late magma activity is not rich in radioactive heat-generating elements and is very “dry”. This series of research is led by the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Astronomical Observatory, and jointly carried out by a number of research institutions. The related results have formed 4 papers, one published in the “National Science Review”, and published in the international academic journal “Nature” 3 articles.
The duration and geochemical characteristics of the lunar basalt magma are the “keys” for understanding the thermal-chemical evolution of the moon. Previous studies have confirmed that magma activity on the moon lasted at least approximately 2.8 to 3 billion years ago. However, there has been controversy in the scientific community about the exact time when the lunar magma activity ceased. The study found that the lunar sample of Chang’e 5 is a new type of lunar basalt, which is different from the lunar samples collected and returned by the United States and the Soviet Union. Researchers analyzed more than 50 uranium-rich minerals in the basalt cuttings of the Chang’e 5 lunar sample and determined that the basalt formation age was 20.30±0.04 billion years, indicating that there was still magma activity on the moon until 2 billion years ago, which is more than the limit of previous lunar samples. Magma activity has been extended for about 800 million years.
The cause of the most recent magmatic activity on the Moon has always been an unsolved mystery. At present, there are two possible explanations in the scientific community: the lunar mantle source is rich in radioactive elements to provide a heat source, or the lunar mantle is rich in water to lower its melting point. The latest study found that the lunar mantle source area of the basalt from the lunar sample of Chang’e 5 is not enriched in “Krip material.” Since the “Krip material” is rich in radioactive heat-generating elements, this result proves that the radioactive heat-generating elements of the lunar mantle are not the main reason for the formation of the basalt of the Chang’e-5 lunar sample. Regarding whether the magma source area is rich in water, the research team measured the water content and hydrogen isotopic composition in the basalt of the Chang’e 5 lunar sample, and found that the water content in the lunar mantle source area was only 1 to 5 micrograms/g, which means that the lunar mantle Very “dry”. This discovery also excludes the hypothesis that the lunar mantle is rich in water and has a low melting point, resulting in an abnormally prolonged duration of magma activity in this area.
Water content and hydrogen isotopic composition of apatite and melt inclusions in the Chang’e-5 basalt sample
Backscattered scanning electron microscope image of apatite and magma inclusions in the Chang’e-5 basalt (a) A complete picture of the basalt cuttings (406-010,023) in the alloy target. The cuttings are mainly composed of olivine (Ol), It is composed of pyroxene (Px), feldspar (Pl) and ilmenite (Ilm), and a small amount of iron olivine (Fa), meteorite (Tro), spinel (Sp), apatite (Apa) and Quartz (Q). (B), (c) and (d) are the partial images of the cuttings respectively. (B) The figure shows the melt inclusion (MI) surrounded by ilmenite. (C) and (d) show that apatite is mainly produced in the intergranular area and is euhedral or semi-automorphic
According to the hypothesis of the origin of the big impact, the original Earth collided with a planetary planet the size of Mars, forming a “disk” composed of high-temperature magma and gas around the earth. When the temperature begins to cool, materials such as silicate first gather to form the moon (Figure 1), and water is a highly volatile material that escapes into space in a gaseous form and is lost. Therefore, the moon born in this way contains almost no water and is a nearly dry planet. The research results of the lunar samples of Chang’e 5 further provided supporting evidence for the origin and evolution of the moon, raised new scientific questions for the study of the lunar thermal evolution history, and proposed new directions for future lunar exploration and research.
We welcome domestic and foreign scientists to join the ranks of the research on these data and samples. At present, research on lunar samples is mainly carried out by domestic scientific research institutions, and foreign scientists have joined the Chinese team to carry out joint research. In the follow-up, we will issue relevant policies, uphold the principles of “equality and mutual benefit, peaceful use, and inclusive development”, expand international exchanges and cooperation, and provide more Chinese wisdom, Chinese solutions, and Chinese power for the peaceful use of space and the promotion of a community with a shared future for mankind.
As of 20th January 2021 Wednesday, The CNSA –China National Space Administration – CLEP- China Luna Exploration Program Belt and Road Initiative Lunar Mission……Chang’e-4 successfully awakened and entered the 26th day of the work period….Chang’e 4 enters the 26th moon night] The Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover completed the 26th day of the month at 21:10 and 14:06 on January 20, and were set up according to ground instructions. Enter the moonlit night dormancy. Up to now, the Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover have worked on the moon for 749 earth days, with a cumulative mileage of 628.47 meters.
The Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover completed the 26th day of the month at 21:10 and 14:06 on January 20, completed the set-up according to ground instructions, and entered moon-night sleep. Up to now, the Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover have worked on the moon for 749 earth days, with a cumulative mileage of 628.47 meters.
Based on the first-hand data obtained by the Chang’e-4 mission, the scientific research team continues to achieve scientific results. The team of researcher Wu Yunzhao from the Purple Mountain Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences took a different approach and used the visible near-infrared spectrometer (VNIS) to study the thermal radiation characteristics, obtained the thermal radiation characteristics of the moon on the micro-scale, and performed thermal correction of the spectrum, and related results were published….. In Geophysical Research Letters…
Researcher Wu Yunzhao first discovered the existence of thermal radiation in the spectral data of Chang’e-3 (Wu and Hapke, 2018). The first-month diurnal spectrum data of Chang’e-4 confirmed the discovery, and the tenth day fixed-point measurement provided more observational support. Figure 1 shows that after 2 μm, the spectral uplift gradually strengthens as the sun rises, and gradually decreases as the sun sinks. On the one hand, this discovery helps to interpret spectral data correctly, and on the other hand, it expands the application of spectrometers, not only for studying minerals, but also for studying the thermal radiation of the moon. This study shows that even in the 2 μm and mid-latitude mineral inversion studies, thermal correction is required….
Even in the pure thermal radiation region, the solution of temperature and emissivity is an under-determined equation, while the mid-infrared has both reflection and thermal emission, and temperature solution is more complicated. The study found that, in addition to the material composition, the heat radiation characteristics are significantly affected by the micro-scale roughness (Figure 2). In addition to the phase angle, the influence of the relative azimuth angle between the observation and the incident is very obvious (Figure 3). The two-way roughness slope of the micro-scale topography of the Chang’e-4 lunar soil is 22°-24°.
In the past, the research on the temperature characteristics of the lunar surface was mainly based on macro-satellite remote sensing data, and the wavelength was in the thermal infrared band. This research carried out for the first time the micro-scale and short-wave thermal radiation characteristics of lunar soil, which is of great significance for mid-infrared research. The spectrum used in this study has the superposition of solar reflection and the moon’s own thermal radiation. There are great difficulties in spectral analysis and application, and it is a spectral region that has relatively little research. The mid-infrared spectrum is very useful. Water, OH, organic matter, and minerals have discriminative spectral characteristics in the mid-infrared, and they are the key spectrum for detecting extraterrestrial life substances…
Scientific achievements come from: Researcher Wu Yunzhao’s team at Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences
科研团队根据嫦娥四号任务获取的第一手数据，持续取得科学成果。中国科学院紫金山天文台吴昀昭研究员团队另辟蹊径，将可见光近红外光谱仪（VNIS）用于热辐射特性研究，获得了月球在微尺度上的热辐射特性，并对光谱进行了热校正，相关成果发表在Geophysical Research Letters。
吴昀昭研究员首次在嫦娥三号光谱数据发现有热辐射存在（Wu and Hapke, 2018）。嫦娥四号第一月昼光谱数据证实了该发现，第十月昼定点测量给出了更多的观测支持。图1可见，2μm后光谱抬升随着太阳升高而逐渐加强，随着太阳下沉而逐渐降低。该发现一方面有助于正确解译光谱数据，另一方面拓展了光谱仪应用，不仅可用于研究矿物，还可用于研究月球的热辐射。该研究表明即便在2 μm且中纬度地区的矿物反演研究也需要进行热校正。
Located in the Gobi Desert in the PROC China, outside the forty Kilometers from Jinchang Northwest China, is in the location within Gansu Province in which its iconic ancient Silk Road rustic landscape is CNSA- China National Space Administration, CAS-Chinese Academy of Sciences Martian educational training outpost simulator base in which the rustic red Gobi Desert sand environment simulates the visual conditions of Mars… as part of CNSA’s educational preparations in with the collaboration in with its Belt and Road Initiative partners, ESA-European Space Agency, ROSCOMOS, also the UNOSA-United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs.. In developing a world leading in Space Sciences and exploration in exploration in Space..
CNSA’s Chinese Academy of Sciences’s Martian’s simulator Outpost, known as “Space Plan C” in which features all the simulated capabilities to live, Mission operations to various requirements on Mars, in which helps to understand inspired students to work in their related Space Sciences, or sciences field in which the educational base has nine module cabins interconnected with a typical airlock, with its mission control bridge, with BioPak featuring a Bio Cabin in the features grown vegetation on mars for food consumption for a long term mission requirement mission stay.. Tian Rusen-Space Science noted the experiences of visiting the site is that”…. Visitors are able to learn how to live on Mars and Utilize those experiences.. To help future developments on Earth…..”
