As of Month of 7th July 2022, The CNSA –China National Space AdministrationCLEP- China Lunar Exploration Program Belt and Road Initiative Lunar Mission……Chang’e-4 with Yutu two the Lunar rover still working exploring more than moved more than 1239.88 meters on the other side of the moon on the 103 Kilometers Diameter Von Karman Crater in which is least than two length by length fifty five Kilometers Hong Kong –Macau- Zhuhai Bridges …. Working Exploring the Crater on the other side of the Moon Chang’e Luna…. Chang’e-4 completed the 44th day of work, and the results revealed the cause of the abnormal area of the Moon’s South Pole-Aiken ….composition travelling The “Yutu 2” lunar rover and lander of the Chang’e The total mileage of the lunar rover on the far side of the moon is 1239.88 meters
As of Today is the first day of the year of the Rabbit on the 22nd January 2022 in which celebrating the hard working on the Von Karman Crater adventuring in celebrating the jade rabbit on the moon Yutu2 has sent some photos to us as a new year gift….. The Yutu-2 lunar rover and the lander of Change4 probe woke up respectively on January 15th and 16th 2023. They started their 51st lunar day work period…… In which So far, Yutu-2 has been working for over 4 years. It has travelled nearly 1.5 kilometers and released more than 940.1GB scientific data of scientific data at all levels.
Blessings for the Year of the Rabbit! This year is the traditional Chinese Year of the Rabbit. In the hearts of Chinese people, the most famous rabbit must be the “Jade Rabbit” from ancient Chinese myths. . China Aerospace has such a “Jade Rabbit”, which also lives on the moon. It is the “Yutu-2” lunar rover in my country’s lunar exploration project. On the occasion of the Chinese New Year in the Year of the Rabbit, it sent back the latest photographs from the moon 380,000 kilometers away, sending a New Year blessing.
Images and visuals are from their Respectives source CLEP – China Lunar Exploration Project
More than One year ago on 24th November 2020, the Chang Zheng – Long March Five Carrier Rocket Launched away in CNSA – China National Space Administration China Wenchang spaceport launch, Change Five Lunar probe into orbit, opened up towards China – People’s Republic of China’s first celestial bodies sample return trip from Mons Rumker on the Lunar Surface of the moon New research achievements – Chinese scientists reveal the composition of lunar soil minerals and space wind at the landing site of Chang’e 5
The fourth phase of the lunar exploration project has been approved, and the basic production of Chang’e-6 products has been completed…… The CNSA- China National Space Administration announced yesterday that China- People’s Republic of China’s lunar exploration project has made new progress. The fourth phase of the lunar exploration project has been approved by the state and is progressing smoothly. According to sources, the fourth phase of the lunar exploration project includes the Chang’e 6, Chang’e 7 and Chang’e 8 missions, which will be implemented successively in the next ten years. Among them, Chang’e 6 is the backup of Chang’e 5, which has the function of sampling and returning, and will go to the far side of the moon to perform missions. The production of Chang’e 6 has basically been completed. Combined with the first visit of Chang’e 4 to the back of the moon, after the demonstration of engineers and scientists in the early stage, the back of the moon is also taken into consideration. ….
Via CNSA China Space Administration –CLEP China Lunar Exploration project management office
More than One year ago on 24th November 2020, the Chang Zheng – Long March Five Carrier Rocket Launched away in CNSA – China National Space Administration China Wenchang spaceport launch, Change Five Lunar probe into orbit, opened up towards China – People’s Republic of China’s first celestial bodies sample return trip from Mons Rumker on the Lunar Surface of the moon New research achievements – Chinese scientists reveal the composition of lunar soil minerals and space wind at the landing site of Chang’e 5
Predecessors have used orbital remote sensing data to conduct extensive research on the topography and material composition of the CE-5 landing area. Recently, a series of sample analyses have advanced the understanding of lunar chronology, late lunar volcanism, and magma evolution mechanisms. Different from large-scale remote sensing observation and fine sample analysis, in situ spectral detection can not only provide local background information of the sampling area, but also be beneficial to study the characteristics of lunar soil in undisturbed and disturbed states. The Lunar Mineral Spectrometer (LMS) carried by the CE-5 lander acquired the visible-infrared reflectance spectrum of the lunar soil, which provided important data support for the study of the material composition of the lunar soil and space weathering.
Researchers from the Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather of the National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the “Space Center”) used the Chang’e-5 LMS in situ detection data to analyse the material composition and maturity, spectral parameters and unmixing of the lunar soil at the landing site The study shows that the mafic minerals in the lunar soil are mainly clinopyroxene, which is consistent with the chemical analysis and orbital spectral analysis results of the CE-5 sample in the laboratory.
The optical maturity and submicroscopic iron (SMFe) of the lunar soil did not change significantly before and after the rocket purge and shovel sampling. This study provides spectral evidence that the lunar soil surface experienced rapid tillage and adequate mixing.
Figure 1: (A) The measured field of view of the LMS spectral data is shown in the red box. Panoramic cameras show images of (B) lunar soil and (C) rocks, respectively. (D) LMS reflectance spectrum curve.
The red box in Figure 1A shows the observation field of LMS spectral data, where D11 is the rock block, and D14-D16 are the lunar soil spectra after shovelling. The magnified images of lunar soil and rocks are shown in Figure 1B and C, and Figure 1D shows the reflectance spectrum curve after preprocessing such as radiometric calibration and thermal correction.
Through the spectral parameter map of the absorption features at 1 μm and 2 μm (Fig. 2A), it was found that with the increase of calcium content, the absorption positions of pyroxene at 1 μm and 2 μm moved to the long-wave direction, and the lunar soil and rocks at the CE-5 landing site For high-calcium pyroxene, this is further confirmed in the 1 μm absorption center and the ratio projection of the 2 μm to 1 μm absorption area (Fig. 2B).
In this study, the Hapke model and the sparse unmixing algorithm were used to invert the mineral composition and abundance of the in situ spectra. The inversion results were consistent with the analysis results of CE-5 samples and the inversion results of orbital remote sensing (Fig.
Figure 2: LMS in situ spectral composition analysis
Space weathering is a common phenomenon of spectral reddening and darkening caused by micrometeorite impacts and solar wind injection on non-atmospheric celestial bodies.
First, the maturity of the lunar soil at the CE-5 landing site was qualitatively analyzed by using the projection maps of the spectral slopes R950/R750 and R1600/R700 and R750 and R700 respectively (Fig. 3A, B). It was found that compared with the lunar soil at the CE-4 landing site, the The lunar soil in the CE-3 and CE-5 landing areas is relatively immature, which may be related to the fact that CE-3 and CE-5 landed on a young impact crater sputter carpet (<100 Ma).
This study further calculated the optical maturity (OMAT, Fig. 3C) and submicroscopic iron (SMFe, Fig. 3D) content, and found that there was no significant change in lunar soil maturity before and after the rocket purge, and before and after scooping, indicating CE-5 landing The lunar soil in the district has experienced an equivalent exposure history within the scooping depth (<3cm).
This result is consistent with the radionuclide analysis results of the Apollo drilling samples and the simulation results of the lunar soil tillage model. This study provides spectroscopic evidence that the lunar soil surface undergoes rapid tillage and adequate mixing.
Figure 3: LMS In Situ Spectral Maturity Analysis
Space weathering is a common phenomenon of spectral reddening and darkening caused by micrometeorite impacts and solar wind injection on non-atmospheric celestial bodies.
First, the maturity of the lunar soil at the CE-5 landing site was qualitatively analyzed by using the projection maps of the spectral slopes R950/R750 and R1600/R700 and R750 and R700 respectively (Fig. 3A, B). It was found that compared with the lunar soil at the CE-4 landing site, the The lunar soil in the CE-3 and CE-5 landing areas is relatively immature, which may be related to the fact that CE-3 and CE-5 landed on a young impact crater sputter carpet (<100 Ma).
This study further calculated the optical maturity (OMAT, Fig. 3C) and submicroscopic iron (SMFe, Fig. 3D) content, and found that there was no significant change in lunar soil maturity before and after the rocket purge, and before and after scooping, indicating CE-5 landing The lunar soil in the district has experienced an equivalent exposure history within the scooping depth (<3cm).
This result is consistent with the radionuclide analysis results of the Apollo drilling samples and the simulation results of the lunar soil tillage model. This study provides spectroscopic evidence that the lunar soil surface undergoes rapid tillage and adequate mixing.
上述研究成果
已成功发表于国际权威学术期刊
Earth and Planetary Science Letters上。
Via CNSA China Space Administration –CLEP China Lunar Exploration project management office
中国空间站 On currently on 29th July 2022 2022, the Belt and Road Initiative CNSA –China National Space Administration on the currently developments of the latest progress of China’s Chang Zheng – LongMarch manned lunar landing carrier rockets Science and Technology Daily reporters learned from the First Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporationon July 28 2022 that the 702 Institute of the Academy recently successfully completed the multi-machine parallel static-motion joint test of my country’s new generation of manned launch vehicles. It strongly supported the smooth transition of the development of this type of rocket to the initial stage.
China- People’s Republic of China’s moon landing rocket has completed the multi-engine parallel static and dynamic test and began to manufacture, and the first flight may not be far away
China’s new generation of manned rockets has made important progress! According to news from the First Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation published by the “Science and Technology Daily” and other media on July 28th 2022, the 702 institutes affiliated to the academy have recently successfully completed the multi-machine parallel static-motion joint test of my country’s new generation of manned launch vehicles. The first step of this type of rocket will be transferred to the initial sample development stage.
At present, my country’s only manned rocket is the Long March 2F rocket, which is especially responsible for transporting China- People’s Republic of China’s Shenzhou spacecraft and Takionauts to the sky. My country’s new generation of manned rockets is a rocket with larger and more advanced capacity. It is also the “921 rocket” that netizens have often said over the years. In fact, its real code name is “CZ-5DF”, which means Chang Zheng- Long March 5. The series of lunar rockets are exactly the rockets prepared for my country’s manned lunar landing.
According to the published data, this rocket is about 100 meters high. After successful development, it will be the highest rocket before the appearance of the Long March 9. It is about the height of a 33-story building, which should be higher than the building you live in. Well, isn’t it shocking?
And it will also be the largest rocket before the appearance of the Long March 9 carrier rocket, with a diameter of 5 meters, the same as the Long March 5, but its shape is very different from the Long March 5, because it adopts the CBC configuration, but It is not a “triple version of Chang 5”, it is not the configuration of the three core-stage rockets of the current Long March 5, because it is not composed of three core-stage rockets of the Long March 5. There are only two YF-77 liquid hydrogen-oxygen engines with a thrust of only 100 tons. The thrust of the Fat Five mainly relies on four bundled boosters. Each booster is equipped with two YF-100 engines with a thrust of 240 tons. , the thrust of the four boosters reached 960 tons, which together contributed to the 1060-ton thrust of the Long March-5 first-stage rocket.
The new generation of manned rockets with This type of rocket weighs about 2,200 tons and is a three-stage and a half configuration. The capacity of the Earth-Moon transfer orbit will not be less than 27 tons, which can meet the capacity requirements for launching China’s new generation of manned spacecraft (within 25 tons in weight). It can also meet the upward mission of large spacecraft in low-Earth orbit, because the orbital carrying capacity of low-Earth orbit will reach more than 70 tons.
Take China’s space station as an example. After the Wentian experimental module was docked, the total weight of China’s space station assembly has now reached 66 tons, and China’s new generation of manned rockets can be sent into orbit with one launch mission. Zhu Xiquan, deputy chief designer of the 702 Institute, said: The successful completion of the parallel static-dynamic joint test of my country’s new generation of manned rockets marks the first time that my country has broken through the large-load static-dynamic joint test technology of launch vehicles. The test with the largest scale, the most technical difficulty and the most complex test process has laid a solid foundation for the new generation of manned launch vehicles to adopt the parallel technology of multiple high-thrust engines.
According to the plan, this rocket will be the main launch vehicle for manned moon landing missions in China in the next 20 to 30 years, so it can also be called China’s first-generation “moon landing rocket”. It is significant, marking that China’s manned lunar landing rocket has entered a substantial manufacturing moment. After the manufacturing is completed, it will be a test flight. It was previously reported that the first flight will be completed before 2025. It can be seen that the first flight is not far away! Moreover, this type of rocket will also expand the recovery and reuse capabilities of the take-off stage in the future, that is, to create a reusable rocket like Musk’s Falcon rocket, which can also greatly reduce the launch cost.
References :”Science and Technology Daily” July 28 article “China’s new generation of manned rockets has made important progress “
中国空间站 On currently on 29th July 2022 2022, the Belt and Road Initiative CNSA –China National Space Administration on the currently developments of the latest progress of China’s Chang Zheng – LongMarch manned lunar landing carrier rockets Science and Technology Daily reporters learned from the First Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporationon July 28 2022 that the 702 Institute of the Academy recently successfully completed the multi-machine parallel static-motion joint test of my country’s new generation of manned launch vehicles. It strongly supported the smooth transition of the development of this type of rocket to the initial stage.
The key point is in picture 1 also pictured on the header. The pull rods carrying 350 tons and the thrust of 2800 tons are installed in the 8 columns. Obviously, this test is the core stage (refer to Figure 2), and the thrust of the entire rocket (including the two boosters) is to transmit from this.
This is the new ultra heavy large Chang Zheng –Long March domestically made Carrier rocket that I am most looking forward to, and it is the key model for realizing the dream of manned lunar moon landing…..
This test is an important test to verify the key technologies of multi-machine parallel connection and bottom-box force transmission of a new generation of manned launch vehicles. Wang Xiaohui, director of the 702 Institute, said that the successful completion of the test marks the first time that my country has broken through the large-load static-dynamic joint test technology. It is an important innovation in test methods and test capabilities. Solid foundation.
“This is the largest, most technically difficult, and most complicated test ever conducted in the field of mechanical testing in my country.” Zhu Xiquan, deputy chief designer of the 702 Institute, introduced that the test needs to break through the static thrust of multiple engines under actual flight conditions Combined loading with vibration load involves key test technologies such as vibration elastic boundary simulation, nearly 1,000-ton static load elastic loading, and multi-machine combined multi-dimensional vibration control and loading under large static load.
The new-generation manned launch vehicle base stage module has a diameter of 5 meters and is equipped with multiple 120-ton engines. Zhu Xiquan said that the high-thrust engine multi-machine parallel technology is the first time that my country’s launch vehicle has adopted it, which brings about the coupling effect of static and dynamic forces of complex structures and the nonlinear transmission problem under the action of combined loads. One of the key technologies to deepen research. In order to analyze and solve this problem and verify the effectiveness of the design scheme, the technical team designed and implemented the first multi-machine parallel static and dynamic joint test in my country.
Since 2019, the 702 Institute has demonstrated and determined the experimental technical plan with relevant units. According to the plan, the team successively broke through the key technologies required for the test, and this year developed a static and dynamic load consisting of 28 sets of 50-ton oil and gas support systems, multiple sets of 20-ton induction shaking tables and a set of 1,000-ton vibration elastic boundary systems. Combined loading test system…
