Tag: SAST

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #CLEP #Apirl2021 | #VonKarmanCrater #LunarMission #Change4 #Yutu2 Lunar adventuring #LunaExploration Summary awakened smoothly and entered the 29th month day work period back to work …..!

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As of 7th April 2021, The CNSA –China National Space Administration Belt and Road Initiative Lunar Mission……Chang’e-4 successfully awakened completed the 29th day At the time when China Land Spring and Jingming, on the far side of the moon, sunlight again spread on the Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover, which were at 21:43 and 3 o’clock on April 6th. 54 minutes to end the moon night dormancy, awakened autonomously by light, and entered the 29th month day work period. Up to now, Chang’e-4 has spent 825 Earth days on the back of the moon.

As shown in Figure 1, the patrol is currently located at LE02805, which is located in the northwest direction of the landing site of Chang’e 4, which is about 455 meters straight from the landing point, and the travel path of the patrol is about 682.8 meters. Based on the LE02805 point panoramic camera stitched image, DOM image and other data, the lunar rover will continue to move towards the basalt distribution area (about 1.2km from the current patrol device, located at 177.5389° east longitude, near 45.4119° south latitude) during the 29th day of the month. The location is located northwest of the current detection point. Related scientific results will be released in time.

Work planned for this month:

(1) The panoramic camera carries out ring shooting detection;

(2) Infrared imaging spectrometer to carry out calibration and scientific detection;

(3) Neutral Atomic Sounder (ASAN) to carry out scientific detection;

(4) The moon-measuring radar conducts simultaneous detection of the path area during driving.

Previously ….As of 22th March 2021 Monday, The CNSA –China National Space Administration Belt and Road Initiative Lunar Mission……Chang’e-4 successfully awakened completed the 28th day of the work period after the Chinese Lunar New Year – year of the OX  got  back to work  Chang’e 4 completed the 28th day of work……. The Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover finished their 28th day of work at 2 o’clock on March 21 and at 17:09 Hong Kong – Beijing Time  on March 20, and entered the moon night Hibernate. Up to now, the Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu-2” lunar rover have survived 808 Earth days on the moon. The lunar rover travelled about 30 meters during the day and the accumulated mileage was 682.77 meters…

Images and visual are from Weibo..

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #CLEP #March2021 | #VonKarmanCrater #LunarMission #Change4 #Yutu2 Lunar adventuring #LunaExploration Summary Completing that 28th day extending greetings on #InternationalWomensDay on March 8th …….

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As of 8th March 2021 Monday, The CNSA –China National Space Administration Belt and Road Initiative Lunar Mission CLEP – China Lunar Exploration Program……Chang’e-4 successfully awakened completed the 28th day of the work period after the Chinese Lunar New Year – year of the OX also extending its greetings on International Women’s Day …. .On the far back of the moon on the 103 Kilometer Von Karman diameter wide Crater, the Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2″ lunar rover…….Chang’e 4 completed the 28th day of the month……….. The Moon Chang’e” joins “Heavenly Questions” to extend greetings on Women’s Day on “March 8th”…. Also this year in Beijing on the early second weeks of  March is the Sessions ….. This year’s “Two Sessions” are drawing a grand blueprint for the development of a new era and a new stage. Today we are ushering in the “International Women’s Day”. Above the moon and Mars, “Chang’e” joins “Heavenly Questions” and supports “Comrade Women from Half the Sky extended their sincere holiday greetings.

Also today on the 8th March 2021 Monday, the Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover completed the wake-up setting, ushering in the 28th day of the month. As of today, Chang’e-4 has successfully worked on the back of the moon for 795 Earth days…..

As shown in Figure 1, the lunar rover is currently located northwest of the landing site of Chang’e 4, about 429 meters straight from the landing site. During the 28th day of the month, the lunar rover plans to move toward the basalt (approximately 1.2km from the current patrol device, near 177.5389° east longitude and 45.4119° south latitude), which is located northwest of the current detection point.

(1) The panoramic camera will detect at least once in a circle, and it is expected to detect near the noon of the moon;

(2) The infrared imaging spectrometer has at least two detections and one calibration;

(3) Simultaneously carry out the detection of the neutral atom detector while the infrared imaging spectrometer is carrying out the detection;

(4) Synchronous detection of lunar radar during driving.

Recently, Tianwen-1 has taken full-color images and color images of Mars in its orbit around Mars. Among them, the color images taken by the medium-resolution camera in the “gaze” mode, the polar cap of Mars’ north pole is clearly visible. At present, Tianwen-1 is conducting a detailed survey of the pre-selected landing area in preparation for landing on the surface of Mars.

​​“嫦娥”联袂“天问”，致以“三八”妇女节问候
​阳春三月，一元复始。今年的“两会”正在描绘新时代、新阶段发展的宏伟蓝图，今天我们迎来“国际三八妇女节”，在月亮之上和火星上空，“嫦娥”联袂“天问”，向撑起“半边天”的妇女同志致以诚挚的节日问候。

同样在今天，嫦娥四号着陆器和“玉兔二号”月球车完成唤醒设置，迎来了第28月昼。截至今天，嫦娥四号已在月球背面顺利工作795个地球日。

如图1所示，目前，月球车位于嫦娥四号着陆点西北方向，距离着陆点直线距离约429米。在第28月昼期间，月球车计划向玄武岩方向（距离目前巡视器约1.2km，位于东经177.5389°，南纬45.4119°附近）前进，该位置位于当前探测点西北方向上。

（1）全景相机至少环拍探测1次，预计接近月午探测；

（2）红外成像光谱仪至少探测2次、1次定标；

（3）在红外成像光谱仪开展探测的同时，同步开展中性原子探测仪的探测；

（4）行驶过程中测月雷达同步探测。

近期，天问一号在火星环绕轨道拍摄了火星的全色图像和彩色图像，其中，中分辨率相机采用“凝视”模式拍摄的彩色图像，火星北极极冠清晰可见。目前，天问一号正在对预选着陆区进行详勘，为着陆火星表面做准备。

Previously As of 19th February 2021 Friday, The CNSA –China National Space Administration Belt and Road Initiative Lunar Mission……Chang’e-4 successfully awakened completed the 2th day of the work period before the Chinese Lunar New Year – year of the OX …. .On the far back of the moon on the 103 Kilometer Von Karman diameter wide Crater, the Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover…….Chang’e 4 completed the 27th day of the month……….. When all three international Mars probes successfully reached Mars, the Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover on the back of the moon were at 13:30 on February 19 Finished the 27th day of the month at 01:48 and entered the moonlight dormancy. Up to now, Chang’e-4 has worked on the lunar surface for 778 Earth days, the lunar rover has a cumulative mileage of 652.62 meters, is in good condition, has energy balance, and all scientific loads are working normally. Continuous scientific output based on first-hand exploration data has revealed various scientific issues on the back of the moon in depth….

Previously As of 6th February 2021 Saturday , The CNSA –China National Space Administration Belt and Road Initiative Lunar Mission……Chang’e-4 successfully awakened and entered the 2th day of the work period before the Chinese Lunar New Year – year of the OX.. ….On the far back of the moon on the 103 Kilometer Von Karman diameter Crater , the Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover ended moon night dormancy at 16:48 and 4:26 on February 6th Hong Kong –Beijing time, and were awakened autonomously by light, and entered the 27th month day work period . Since the “Yutu-2” lunar rover reached the surface of the moon, it has travelled a total of about 628.5 meters. It is currently located northwest of the landing site, about 430 meters straight from the landing site.

Images and visuals are from Weibo CNSA –China National Space Administration –CLEP- China Luna Exploration Program..

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #CLEP #January2021 | #VonKarmanCrater #LunarMission #Change4 #Yutu2 Lunar adventuring 628.47 Meters #LunaExploration Summary of 746-day scientific research results reveal micro-scale thermal radiation characteristics of the moon….

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As of 20th January 2021 Wednesday, The CNSA –China National Space Administration – CLEP- China Luna Exploration Program Belt and Road Initiative Lunar Mission……Chang’e-4 successfully awakened and entered the 26th day of the work period….Chang’e 4 enters the 26th moon night] The Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover completed the 26th day of the month at 21:10 and 14:06 on January 20, and were set up according to ground instructions. Enter the moonlit night dormancy. Up to now, the Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover have worked on the moon for 749 earth days, with a cumulative mileage of 628.47 meters.

The Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover completed the 26th day of the month at 21:10 and 14:06 on January 20, completed the set-up according to ground instructions, and entered moon-night sleep. Up to now, the Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover have worked on the moon for 749 earth days, with a cumulative mileage of 628.47 meters.

Based on the first-hand data obtained by the Chang’e-4 mission, the scientific research team continues to achieve scientific results. The team of researcher Wu Yunzhao from the Purple Mountain Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences took a different approach and used the visible near-infrared spectrometer (VNIS) to study the thermal radiation characteristics, obtained the thermal radiation characteristics of the moon on the micro-scale, and performed thermal correction of the spectrum, and related results were published….. In Geophysical Research Letters…

Researcher Wu Yunzhao first discovered the existence of thermal radiation in the spectral data of Chang’e-3 (Wu and Hapke, 2018). The first-month diurnal spectrum data of Chang’e-4 confirmed the discovery, and the tenth day fixed-point measurement provided more observational support. Figure 1 shows that after 2 μm, the spectral uplift gradually strengthens as the sun rises, and gradually decreases as the sun sinks. On the one hand, this discovery helps to interpret spectral data correctly, and on the other hand, it expands the application of spectrometers, not only for studying minerals, but also for studying the thermal radiation of the moon. This study shows that even in the 2 μm and mid-latitude mineral inversion studies, thermal correction is required….

Even in the pure thermal radiation region, the solution of temperature and emissivity is an under-determined equation, while the mid-infrared has both reflection and thermal emission, and temperature solution is more complicated. The study found that, in addition to the material composition, the heat radiation characteristics are significantly affected by the micro-scale roughness (Figure 2). In addition to the phase angle, the influence of the relative azimuth angle between the observation and the incident is very obvious (Figure 3). The two-way roughness slope of the micro-scale topography of the Chang’e-4 lunar soil is 22°-24°.

In the past, the research on the temperature characteristics of the lunar surface was mainly based on macro-satellite remote sensing data, and the wavelength was in the thermal infrared band. This research carried out for the first time the micro-scale and short-wave thermal radiation characteristics of lunar soil, which is of great significance for mid-infrared research. The spectrum used in this study has the superposition of solar reflection and the moon’s own thermal radiation. There are great difficulties in spectral analysis and application, and it is a spectral region that has relatively little research. The mid-infrared spectrum is very useful. Water, OH, organic matter, and minerals have discriminative spectral characteristics in the mid-infrared, and they are the key spectrum for detecting extraterrestrial life substances…

Scientific achievements come from: Researcher Wu Yunzhao’s team at Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences

嫦娥四号进入第26月夜，研究成果揭示月球微尺度热辐射特性

​​     嫦娥四号着陆器和“玉兔二号”月球车分别于1月20日21时10分和14时06分完成第26月昼工作，按地面指令完成设置，进入月夜休眠。截至目前，嫦娥四号着陆器和“玉兔二号”月球车已在月面工作749个地球日，累计行驶里程628.47米。

​

     科研团队根据嫦娥四号任务获取的第一手数据，持续取得科学成果。中国科学院紫金山天文台吴昀昭研究员团队另辟蹊径，将可见光近红外光谱仪（VNIS）用于热辐射特性研究，获得了月球在微尺度上的热辐射特性，并对光谱进行了热校正，相关成果发表在Geophysical Research Letters。

    吴昀昭研究员首次在嫦娥三号光谱数据发现有热辐射存在（Wu and Hapke, 2018）。嫦娥四号第一月昼光谱数据证实了该发现，第十月昼定点测量给出了更多的观测支持。图1可见，2μm后光谱抬升随着太阳升高而逐渐加强，随着太阳下沉而逐渐降低。该发现一方面有助于正确解译光谱数据，另一方面拓展了光谱仪应用，不仅可用于研究矿物，还可用于研究月球的热辐射。该研究表明即便在2 μm且中纬度地区的矿物反演研究也需要进行热校正。

     即便纯热辐射区，温度与发射率的求解也是欠定方程，而中红外既存在反射又存在热发射，温度求解更为复杂。研究发现，除了物质成分外，热辐射特性受微尺度粗糙度显著影响（图2）。除了相角，观测与入射相对方位角的影响非常明显（图3）。获得了嫦娥四号月壤微尺度地形双向粗糙度斜率为22° – 24°。

过去对月表温度特性的研究主要是宏观卫星遥感数据，波长上是热红外波段。本研究首次开展了微观尺度和短波方面的月壤热辐射特性研究，对于中红外研究具有重要意义。本次研究所用谱段存在太阳反射与月球自身热辐射叠加，光谱解析及应用存在较大困难，是研究相对较少的光谱区。而中红外谱段非常有用，水、OH、有机质、矿物在中红外有判断性光谱特征，是探测地外生命物质的关键谱段。

科学成果来自：中国科学院紫金山天文台吴昀昭研究员团队

Images and visuals are from Weibo CNSA –China National Space Administration –CLEP- China Luna Exploration Program..

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #CLEPS #January2021 | #VonKarmanCrater #LunarMission #Change4 #Yutu2 making another Luna adventuring more than 600 Meters #LunaExploration Summary of 736-day scientific achievements milestone …..

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As of 7th January 2021 Thursday, The CNSA –China National Space Administration Belt and Road Initiative Lunar Mission……Chang’e-4 successfully awakened and entered the 26th day of the work period….Waking up  Chang’e 4 awakened smoothly and entered the 26th day of work….. With a new round of dawn on the back of the moon, Chang’e 4 ushered in the 26th day of the month, and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover at 10 o’clock on January 7 waking up at 29 minutes, the lander woken up at 03:13 on January 8. As of today, Chang’e-4 has been in operation for 736 Earth days, continuing to refresh the record of human probes working on the back of the moon.

During the day of this month, the lunar rover will continue to travel towards the basalt distribution area or the impact crater area with high reflectivity (approximately 27m from the current detection point, and there is a degenerated impact crater with a diameter of approximately 160m in the south of the crater), both of which are located in the northwest direction of the current detection point.

With a new round of dawn on the back of the moon, Chang’e 4 ushered in the 26th day of the month. The “Yutu 2” lunar rover awakened at 10:29 on January 7 and the lander at 03:13 on January 8 wake. As of today, Chang’e-4 has been in operation for 736 Earth days, continuing to refresh the record of human probes working on the back of the moon.

During the day of this month, the lunar rover will continue to travel towards the basalt distribution area or the impact crater area with high reflectivity (approximately 27m from the current detection point, and there is a degenerated impact crater with a diameter of approximately 160m in the south of the crater), both of which are located in the northwest direction of the current detection point.

The following exploration activities are planned during the day of this month:

(1) It is preferable to take a panoramic camera ring shot near noon of the moon.

(2) Detection and calibration of infrared imaging spectrometer.

(3) The neutral atom detector is turned on for detection.

(4) Synchronous detection of lunar radar during driving. The scientific research team will continue to conduct scientific analysis on the acquired detection data, and relevant results will be released in time.

 

Previously……. As of 22 December 2020, The CNSA –China National Space Administration Belt and Road Initiative Lunar Mission The “Yutu-2” lunar rover has a mileage exceeding 600 meters, completing the 25th day of work….The Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover completed the 25th day of the month at 5 o’clock on December 22 and 19:22 on the 21st, respectively. The moon night mode setting was completed according to ground instructions and entered moon night sleep. As of today, the Chang’e-4 lander and the “Yutu-2” lunar rover have been working on the moon for 719 days, and the lunar rover has travelled 600.55 meters in total……

Researchers conduct research and analysis on the detection data obtained in 25 months, and continue to produce scientific results. A recent scientific achievement published in the internationally authoritative academic journal Astrophysical Journal Letters (Xu et al 2020) shows that the lunar neutron and radiation dosimeter mounted on the Chang’e-4 lander detected a solar high-energy particle event on the back of the moon (SEP). This is the first time that a human probe has detected SEP on the surface of the moon, verifying the performance of the instrument, and also made a detailed analysis of the acceleration mechanism and the acceleration source area of the SEP.

Previous observations made by Chang’e-4 indicate that the radiation intensity on the surface of the moon is about 100 times that of the earth (Zhang et al. 2020, Space. Adv.). Since the moon does not have the same atmosphere and magnetic field as the earth, the Galactic cosmic ray (GCR) can easily reach the surface of the moon. Such high-intensity background radiation can cause damage to astronauts working on the surface of the moon. In addition, when solar activity erupts, the solar high-energy particle event will cause the particle flux to increase by thousands of times, and the space radiation will also be greatly enhanced. Therefore, the observation of the arrival of high-energy particles of the sun on the moon is particularly important.

In 2019, the sun is in a very small year, no sunspots have appeared for a long time, and the chance of observing solar high-energy particle events is even smaller. Chang’e-4 captured such an event. The study found that both electrons and protons exhibit good velocity dispersion. By linearly fitting the data points, it is possible to deduce the release time of particles from the acceleration zone and the distance the particles travel in interplanetary space before reaching the moon.

In addition, the proton energy spectrum of this SEP event was further analysed, including the GCR background energy spectrum and the background subtracted energy spectrum. According to the energy spectrum with the background subtracted, the dashed power law spectrum is used to fit it, and it is found that the energy inflection point is about 2.5MeV….

Images and visuals are from Weibo CNSA –China National Space Administration –CLEP- China Luna Exploration Program..

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #CLEPS #December2020 | #VonKarmanCrater #LunarMission #Change4 #Yutu2 making another Luna trekking 600 Meters more #LunaExploration Summary of 719-day scientific achievements milestone …..

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As of 22 December 2020, The CNSA –China National Space Administration Belt and Road Initiative Lunar Mission The “Yutu-2” lunar rover has a mileage exceeding 600 meters, completing the 25th day of work….The Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover completed the 25th day of the month at 5 o’clock on December 22 and 19:22 on the 21st, respectively. The moon night mode setting was completed according to ground instructions and entered moon night sleep. As of today, the Chang’e-4 lander and the “Yutu-2” lunar rover have been working on the moon for 719 days, and the lunar rover has travelled 600.55 meters in total……

Researchers conduct research and analysis on the detection data obtained in 25 months, and continue to produce scientific results. A recent scientific achievement published in the internationally authoritative academic journal Astrophysical Journal Letters (Xu et al 2020) shows that the lunar neutron and radiation dosimeter mounted on the Chang’e-4 lander detected a solar high-energy particle event on the back of the moon (SEP). This is the first time that a human probe has detected SEP on the surface of the moon, verifying the performance of the instrument, and also made a detailed analysis of the acceleration mechanism and the acceleration source area of the SEP.

Previous observations made by Chang’e-4 indicate that the radiation intensity on the surface of the moon is about 100 times that of the earth (Zhang et al. 2020, Space. Adv.). Since the moon does not have the same atmosphere and magnetic field as the earth, the Galactic cosmic ray (GCR) can easily reach the surface of the moon. Such high-intensity background radiation can cause damage to astronauts working on the surface of the moon. In addition, when solar activity erupts, the solar high-energy particle event will cause the particle flux to increase by thousands of times, and the space radiation will also be greatly enhanced. Therefore, the observation of the arrival of high-energy particles of the sun on the moon is particularly important.

In 2019, the sun is in a very small year, no sunspots have appeared for a long time, and the chance of observing solar high-energy particle events is even smaller. Chang’e-4 captured such an event. The study found that both electrons and protons exhibit good velocity dispersion. By linearly fitting the data points, it is possible to deduce the release time of particles from the acceleration zone and the distance the particles travel in interplanetary space before reaching the moon.

In addition, the proton energy spectrum of this SEP event was further analysed, including the GCR background energy spectrum and the background subtracted energy spectrum. According to the energy spectrum with the background subtracted, the dashed power law spectrum is used to fit it, and it is found that the energy inflection point is about 2.5MeV….

“玉兔二号”月球车行驶里程突破600米，完成第25月昼工作

科研人员对25个月昼所获得的探测数据进行研究分析，持续产出科学成果。近期发表于国际权威学术期刊Astrophysical Journal Letters(Xu et al 2020)上的一篇科学成果表明，搭载在嫦娥四号着陆器上的月球中子和辐射剂量仪在月球背面探测到了一个太阳高能粒子事件（SEP）。这是人类探测器首次在月球表面探测到SEP，验证了仪器性能，也对SEP的加速机制和加速源区做了详细分析。

嫦娥四号之前的就位观测结果表明，月球表面的辐射强度大约是地球上辐射强度的100倍左右（Zhang et al. 2020, Space. Adv.）。由于月球没有像地球一样的大气和磁场，银河宇宙线（Galactic cosmic ray，GCR）可以轻松到达月球表面，这样高强度的背景辐射会对在月球表面作业的宇航员造成损伤。此外，当太阳活动爆发时，太阳高能粒子事件还会导致成千上万倍的粒子流量增长，空间辐射也会极大增强。因此，对太阳高能粒子到达月球的观测尤其重要。

 2019年，太阳处于活动极小年，很长时间没有太阳黑子出现，观测到太阳高能粒子事件的机会更是很小。 嫦娥四号捕捉到了这样一个事件。研究发现，无论是电子还是质子都表现出很好的速度弥散，通过对数据点进行线性拟合，可以推出粒子从加速区释放的时间以及粒子到达月球前在行星际空间传输的距离。

此外，进一步分析了这次SEP事件的质子能谱，包括GCR背景的能谱以及扣除背景的能谱。根据扣除背景的能谱，利用破折幂律谱对其进行了拟合，发现能量拐点大概为2.5MeV。​​​​

Previously  of 26 August 2020, The CNSA –China National Space Administration Belt and Road Initiative Lunar Mission on the One Hundred Kilometer diameter Von Karman Crater    Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover the Chang’e-4 lander and the “Yutu-2” lunar rover have completed 21-month scientific exploration on the back of the moon. They broke through 677 Earth  Days On the far back of the moon, the Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover ended their moon night dormancy at 3:12 on November 10 and 10:17 on November 9 respectively. They were awakened by light and ushered in the first 24 days. Up to now, Chang’e-4 has successfully operated for 677 Earth days.

Based on the data of the panoramic camera spliced images and DOM images of the detection point, the “Yutu-2” lunar rover will continue to drive northwest during the 24th day of the month, targeting the basalt direction or the impact crater area with high reflectivity. Near the noon of the moon, the “Yutu-2” lunar rover plans to take at least one panoramic camera ring shot, and the infrared imaging spectrometer, neutral atom detector, and lunar radar will carry out simultaneous detection.

Go to the nearest impact crater with brighter reflectivity (purple circled area), the red circle is the location of the rock block

  As the “Yutu-2” lunar rover continues to move northwest, scientists from the core team of Chang’e-4 use the first-hand data returned to continue to produce scientific results. The scientific team recently published an article in the SCI journal “Science China Information Sciences” and pointed out that the impact during the formation of the Antarctic-Aitken Basin is likely to penetrate the lunar crust and impact deep lunar material.

Since the remote sensing observation of the back of the moon by orbiting satellites, a large number of studies have revealed the existence of mafic anomalies at the bottom of the Antarctic-Aitken Basin, which also have different chemical properties compared to returned samples and lunar meteorites. Chang’e-4 probed the sputter layer at the bottom of the impact crater in the Antarctic-Aitken Basin and found that the characteristics of mafic minerals in this area are similar to remote sensing data.

Research data shows that the mafic minerals in the rocks and lunar soil in the Chang’e 4 landing area are dominated by clinopyroxene, which has the same composition as the rapidly cooling magma system. It is believed that the material in the landing zone of Chang’e 4 mainly comes from the recrystallization of the impact melt. The patrol and detection of “Yutu-2” in this area provided a scientific basis for in-depth understanding of the cause of the mafic anomaly at the bottom of the Antarctic-Aitken Basin….

在遥远的月球背面，嫦娥四号着陆器和“玉兔二号”月球车分别于11月10日3时12分和11月9日10时17分结束月夜休眠，受光照自主唤醒，迎来第24月昼。截至目前，嫦娥四号已顺利工作677个地球日。​

基于探测点全景相机拼接影像、DOM影像等数据情况，“玉兔二号”月球车将在第24月昼期间继续向西北方向行驶，目标为玄武岩方向或反射率较高的撞击坑区域。在接近月午时，“玉兔二号”月球车计划进行至少1次全景相机环拍，红外成像光谱仪、中性原子探测仪、测月雷达开展同步探测。

 随着“玉兔二号”月球车向西北方向不断前行，嫦娥四号核心团队科学家利用传回的第一手数据，持续产出科学成果。科学团队近期发表在SCI期刊《Science China Information Sciences》上的一篇文章中指出：南极–艾特肯盆地形成时的撞击很可能穿透月壳，撞击出月球深部物质。

自轨道卫星实现对月球背面的遥感观测以来，大量研究揭示南极-艾特肯盆地底部存在镁铁质异常，相比返回样品以及月球陨石，也有着不同的化学特性。嫦娥四号通过对南极-艾特肯盆地撞击坑底部溅射物层的探测，发现该区域镁铁质矿物特征与遥感数据相似。

研究数据显示，嫦娥四号着陆区的石块及月壤中镁铁质矿物以单斜辉石为主，这种辉石成分与快速冷却的岩浆系统一致。研究认为嫦娥四号着陆区物质主要来自撞击熔融体的重结晶。“玉兔二号”在这一区域的巡视探测为深入认识南极-艾特肯盆地底部镁铁质异常区的成因提供了科学依据。​​​​

Images and visuals are from Weibo CNSA –China National Space Administration –CLEP- China Luna Exploration Program..