Tag: Moon Luna

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #CLEP #June2022 | #VonKarmanCrater #LunarMission #Change4 #Yutu2 #ChineseAcademyOfSciences Research Reveals the Constraints of the Chang’e-4 Infrared Imaging Spectroscopic Ground Validation Experiment on the Material Composition of the Lunar SPA Surface…

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As of Month of April 2022, The CNSA –China National Space Administration CLEP- China Lunar Exploration Program  Belt and Road Initiative Lunar Mission……Chang’e-4 with Yutu two the Lunar rover still working exploring more than moved more than 1142.39 meters on the other side of the moon on the 103 Kilometers Diameter Von Karman Crater in which is least than two length by length fifty five Kilometers Hong Kong –Macau- Zhuhai Bridges …. Working Exploring the Crater on the other side of the Moon Chang’e Luna….

On 27th June 2022 the Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Reveals the Constraints of the Chang’e-4 Infrared Imaging Spectroscopic Ground Validation Experiment on the Material Composition of the Lunar SPA Surface

The Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (VNIS) on the Yutu No. 2 Lunar Rover has measured infrared imaging spectral data at multiple locations along the rover’s walking route. VNIS is the main method used to study the composition of lunar soil and lunar surface rocks in the landing area and to trace their origin. The research of the Institute of Geology and Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences revealed the constraints on the composition of the lunar SPA surface by the Chang’e-4 infrared imaging spectroscopy ground verification experiment.

The Yutu-2 rover has been working on the lunar surface for more than 40 months, and the infrared imaging spectrometer (VNIS) it carried has measured infrared imaging spectral data at multiple locations along the rover’s walking route. VNIS is the main method used to study the composition of lunar soil and lunar surface rocks in the landing area and to trace their origin. However, factors such as space weathering, particle size and multiple scattering, the spectral response of the instrument, and observation conditions all affect the spectral characteristics and lead to large uncertainties in the mineral composition calculated from the lunar surface spectral data.

　　In order to quantitatively evaluate the reliability of different VNIS data processing methods, Chang Rui, a doctoral student in the Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, under the guidance of his supervisor researcher Yang Wei and associate researcher Lin Honglei, selected a mineral composition with Spectroscopic ground verification experiments were performed on the Suchang-gabbro with similar lunar highland rocks (Fig. 1). The rock (CR-1) studied by the ground verification experiment has an actual mineral pattern content of 12.9% olivine, 35.0% pyroxene and 52.2% plagioclase, as measured by scanning electron microscopy. In order to more accurately calculate the spectral results of CR-1, the researchers ground and sorted the olivine, low-calcium pyroxene, high-calcium pyroxene and plagioclase from the rock samples in CR-1. -4, ASD) to measure the visible-near-infrared spectral results of each single mineral (Fig. 2a), and each single mineral has its own spectral absorption characteristics. The spectrum of CR-1 measured by the VNIS identifier showed distinct absorption features at the 971 (±1) nm and 1957 (±8) nm bands (Fig. 2b). This absorption feature is similar to the rock absorption feature detected by VNIS on the Yutu-2 rover on the third day of the month. The Hapke model of the VNIS spectrum of CR-1 calculated the mineral pattern content of the sample to be 7.5% olivine, 39.3% pyroxene and 53.2% plagioclase, which were consistent with the true results within the error range.

　　According to the data processing method in this study combined with the photometric correction of the Chang’e-4 lunar surface data by Yang et al. (2020), the more accurate mineral model content of the rocks detected by the Yutu-2 rover on the third day should be 11.7 % olivine, 42.8% pyroxene and 45.5% plagioclase. The rover found another lunar surface rock on the 26th day with spectral absorption characteristics similar to those found on the 3rd day, with mineral pattern contents of 3.2% olivine, 24.6% pyroxene, and 72.2% plagioclase. The two lunar surface rocks belong to the sutraite category in the “Anorthosite-Norite-Troctolite” (ANT) system (Fig. 3) (Heiken G, 1991), which means that the Chang’e-4 landing area lunar The rock formations under the soil are mainly ANT rocks. The rocks detected by the Yutu-2 rover on the 26th day contained more plagioclase and were closer to the mineral composition of the average lunar crust.

　　To sum up, the lunar surface of the Chang’e-4 landing area has su-long and plagio-like rocks, which represent the material formed by the rapid crystallization in the impact melting pool and the composition of the average lunar crust, respectively. On the one hand, an impact event excavated material from the underlying layers of lunar soil to the lunar surface. These excavated materials have the characteristics of crystalline plutonic rocks in the molten pool of the South Pole Aitken Basin (SPA). On the other hand, the initial lunar crustal material formed before the SPA big impact event can also be retained in the SPA.

　　The related research results were published in Remote Sensing . The research work has been funded by the Strategic Pilot Science and Technology Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Key Deployment Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Innovation Interdisciplinary Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Civil Aerospace Pre-research Project of the National Space Administration, and the Key Deployment Project of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Figure 1. (a) The image of the lunar surface rock detected by Chang’e-4 on the third month; (b) the spectral detection status of the lunar surface rock (the yellow circle represents the near-infrared spectral detection field); (c) the ground verification of this study The rock used in the experiment (CR-1)

Figure 2. (a) Visible-NIR spectra of single minerals in CR-1; (b) VNIS spectra of rocks and CR-1 measured on the third day of Chang’e-4

Fig. 3. Mineral composition distribution of olivine-pyroxene-plagioclase in lunar surface rocks measured by Chang’e-4 (Heiken G, 1991). The lunar sample sampling points are marked in the figure, for example: A-11 is Apollo 11, L-16 is Luna 16, (H) and (M) represent high ground and lunar soil, respectively

Images and visuals are from their Respectives source Chinese Academy of Sciences .. 52 Sanlihe Rd., Xicheng District, Beijing, China (100864)- People’s Republic of China.

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #CLEP #February2022 | #VonKarmanCrater #LunarMission #Change4 #Yutu2 Lunar adventuring #LunaExploration recently discovered explorationally of macroscopic translucent glass globules Stalagmite detected..

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As of Month of January  2022, The CNSA –China National Space Administration CLEP- China Lunar Exploration Program  Belt and Road Initiative Lunar Mission……Chang’e-4 with Yutu two the Lunar rover still working exploring more than 1003.9 meters on the other side of the moon on the 103 Kilometers Diameter Von Karman Crater in which is least than two length by length fifty five Kilometers Hong Kong –Macau- Zhuhai Bridges …. Working Exploring the Crater on the other side of the Moon Chang’e Luna….

On the 19th February 2022 week Hong Kong SAR – Beijing Time CNSA CLEP – China National Space Administration –China Lunar Space Program has released the 23rd batch of scientific data released by Chang’e-4 this month’s data came relatively late, but the content is very rich. More than 240 photos include more than 30 color photos. The data collection time announced this time is during the day of the 27th month (2021.02.04~2021.02.19).

is in the last month day In , experts analysed a “milestone” shaped stone, which, in fact, wasn’t the only similarly shaped stone nearby. Just south of the “milestone”, there is another similar stone, which the driving team calls a “stalagmite”, the relationship between the two is marked in Figure 1 (map from Chapter 27 of the Driving Diary). The focus of this moon and day detection is on this “stalagmite”, and the specific process is full of twists and turns. It is recommended that you read the original text of “Driving Diary”. Data source: Lunar and Planetary Data Release System

At 4:32 on February 6 2022 Hong Kong SAR- Beijing Time, Yutu-2 successfully woke up and entered the 27th lunar day, during which it spent its third Spring Festival on the moon.

Last month, we detected the “milestone” rock. Once the news came out, it attracted the attention of scientists all over the world. Dan Moriarty, a researcher at NASA, said: “This rock sample has Similar to the shape of a shark fin, it’s definitely unusual. ” He said that both the shape of the shark fin, and the apparent bulge near the edge of the rock, indicate a very young geological age and a relatively short existence at the site where it was found. Clive Neal, a famous lunar expert at the University of Notre Dame in the United States, also expressed his views on the rocks. While the “milestone” has attracted the attention of the international aerospace science community, Chinese scientists are gradually unravelling the mystery of its identity.

Strange discoveries always come in pairs. Last month, the pilots found a “stalagmite” shaped stone standing in the south direction, similar to the “milestone” shape. The two echoed each other. Everyone decided to act immediately and explore again. “Stalagmite”.

The rhythm of the whole moon, day and morning was tight and orderly. After three moves, Yutu No. 2 arrived near the “stalagmite” before noon on the moon. At this time, the shadow of the car body blocked the target, and it seemed to persuade Yutu to take a nap and explore the “stalagmite” again. , we had to wait for the Yutu to wake up from the lunch break to continue the probe.

Under the scorching sun, Jade Rabbit spent its Spring Festival, and before the fifth day of the first lunar month, it started work early in the day and afternoon. The pilots controlled Yutu-2 to turn to the intended detection heading. According to the previous ground planning path deduction, the road detected at this time is flat, and the bright surface of the “stalagmite” should be able to enter the infrared field of view. However, the obstacle-avoidance images downloaded to the ground are full of artistic “alternation of light and dark”, which is different from the “simple and straightforward” that scientists hoped to be completely illuminated by sunlight.

There are so many exciting moments in lunar exploration. It is within reach, but it seems to be so far away. However, the pilots have been very patient in the long-term detection, and proposed three detection plans for the current situation: go straight ahead, detour to the southwest side of the “stalagmite”, and detour to the southeast to wait for next month’s detection.

Here are a few photos synthesized from the original images:
Figure 2: Color photos of the “Milestone” taken from a distance
Figures 3 and 4: The lunar image taken by Yutu-2 to the “Stalagmite” (you find the Chang’e-4’s photo) Is the lander yet?)
Figure 5: A close-up photo of the “stalagmite”

After repeated deductions and demonstrations, the last plan was not very feasible and was first excluded, and the remaining two plans entered the final PK. Drivers detour from the west side and the southeast side to verify the feasibility of the second option. Detouring from the southeast, there are many potholes along the way. After starting, Yutu No. 2 will step into the pit, which is more dangerous; while the west side seems to be flat along the way, but there is a large impact crater near the end position. Yutu No. 2 The No. 1 can only move around in a small area between the impact crater and the “stalagmite”. Not only is its range of activity severely limited, which may cause the solar wings to be blocked, but it must also return to the original path after detection, which is laborious and dangerous. After several rounds of calculation and demonstration, direct detection wins.

The pilots controlled the Yutu for the first attempt. The preliminary results show that the actual infrared field of view is about 4 cm away from the ideal field of view. The second time, everyone adjusted according to the suggestions of the scientists and tried again, but the results were still biased. The two failed attempts, and the time was approaching zero, and the station resources were almost exhausted. Facing the temptation of the mystery behind the moon, the pilots were still reluctant to give up and decided to try again. They urgently extended the measurement and control arc for an hour, adjusted the posture of the jade rabbit and probed again. With all the hard work, the images uploaded this time show that the infrared field of view finally accurately covers the narrow light of the “stalagmite” !

Those who travel a hundred miles are half and ninety. When it is unknown whether success or failure will come next time, persevering may be our only chance. This time Yutu No.2 and the pilots did it! Next time, would you like to challenge and persevere for your dreams?

Images and visuals are from CNSA- China National Space Administration also from their respectives…

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #December2021| #CCTV9 #ChinaCentralRadioandTelevision #CLEP #ChinaLunarExplorationProgram The Chinese lunar exploration project series documentary “Our Journey” will be broadcast 24th December 2021 that’s tomorrow!

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中国空间站 On currently on 24th to 26th December 2021 Christmas eve, CNSA –China National Space Administration  in collaboration with CCTV9 China Central Radio and Television will telecast  “Our Journey” is the first panoramic documentary produced by China National Space Administration and China Central Radio and Television in 4 years to show the complete course of China’s lunar exploration project in 17 years . It is a documentary . Documentary works with international vision, international expression, and international standards are excellent works that tell Chinese stories, spread space culture, and popularize space knowledge

The documentary consists of three episodes, each of 50 minutes, which truly presents the development of China’s lunar exploration project over the past 17 years, which has been through ups and downs, and left a tortuous but full history. This imprint records not only a huge and complicated super project, but also a testimony to the rapid growth of China’s aerospace industry and the common progress of the Chinese nation. The film fully and vividly interprets the spirit of lunar exploration of “chasing dreams, exploring courageously, coordinating fortifications, and win-win cooperation” , promotes the spiritual pedigree of the Chinese Communists , and conveys the spiritual power that China’s scientific and technological development and progress rely on.

 Through character interviews, important development scenarios, and the combined application of various methods such as related materials, the film outlines the continuous and staggered cooperation and support between the various development units of the major systems, and demonstrates the Chinese people’s fearlessness in scientific exploration. Pursuit, as well as the admirable courage and wisdom devoted to this journey full of risks and challenges.

“Our journey” documentary will be held December 24 – the 26th in the Central Radio and Television CCTV-9 record channel 20:00 prime time heavy launch a new media center video, CCTV and other platforms will also be broadcast simultaneously.

Images and visuals are from their respectives.

#iPhonePhotography | 冬月 #winters #Moon – 29th July 2017- it was the coldest starry Auckland Night on – A Gallery

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Last night on the 29thJuly 2017, it was the coldest Saturday night in Auckland, New Zealand  in which the following morning in which last night temperature dropped from eight to three degrees C wearing multiple layers of clothing  in which  it warmly works, as it reaching midnight in which the following morning furthering it dropped more into the least than five towards one Degrees C least… in which last night it was the most frozen light, it was sharper than the previous weeks before in which the path of light was least distorted, diffracted as showing crowds of the frozen starry night skies …

 

The Surface of the moon is like a A-like Wedding dress with greys silk lining with heavy cratered white embroidery lacy chiffon wool shell revealing the story of the Jade Rabbit also the Apollo Lunar Missions….
look closely at the Luna’s wedding dress cratered lacy patch work embroidery with craters Ptolomaeus
look closely at the Luna’s wedding dress cratered lacy patch work embroidery with craters Ptolomaeus – like a cherry blossom pattern on the dress ….
It was a very cold wintery Auckland Night in which it was very below the ten degrees C.. but during that night with frozen light it gave the sharpest of light..

This time at the moon rises lately in the night as it moves towards the Full Moon as Waxing Gibbous more of the Earth Shadow most away from the Moon, as it’s currently in between fifty percent onwards you can see more of the Luna features with Luna Landscape in which if you see the moon like an A- line wedding dress with a lacy Crater textured embroidery with a grey silk lining, with a chiffon satin….. If you see the moon that way you’ll see the texturing patchwork of the indention of how the depth of the craters is…. On that night you can see the among the terminator lines like a terminator Veil Unveiling robe in which you could see the outline of Craters in which you could see how deep the craters is……. Among with the more the Waxing Gibbous, with the Tranquility also Serenity starts to reveal their stories about the NASA’s Apollo Lunar Mission... Also about the Jade Rabbit..

LUNA | instagraming moments of 2014

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This year has been impressive with viewing the Moon Luna.. With every unique passing moments or each night… in some case waiting for Luna in from the early parts of the days evenings to the very later parts in the night onwards till past midnight…

Each night, it’s different from the other nights when viewing… The Shadows that been cast by the monstrous craters…  in which the craters towering more length that another large cities on Earth… Due to the size of Moon Luna is roughly about the diameter of Australia… also the shadows are different telling their own story…. Thinking this year is all about Luna’s shadows from casted by sun onto the Craters..

Progressively throughout year, there has be some awesome viewing of the International Space Station through the telescope. Seeing as it pass by with seeing the main structure, the solar arrays, the habit modules…  with each viewing seeing the orientation of panels positioning in different angles as it moves to the facing the sun..

When you look at the moon or Luna each night Wink at the Moon-Luna as remembering the Late Astronaut Neil Armstrong   and his Amazing works…