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#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #October2021 | #嫦娥五号The #Moon #Change5 probe its Heroic Lunar Mission from #MonsRumker #LunaExploration #Chang’e5 Research lunar samples refreshing Traditional Understanding of Lunar Evolution…

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On October 19th Thursday 2021, the Chinese Academy of Sciences  released the latest research results of the Chang’e-5 lunar scientific research samples. A number of breakthroughs have given a new understanding of the evolution of the moon. The research results of the lunar samples of Chang’e 5 show that magma activity still existed on the moon until 2 billion years ago. The lunar mantle source area of ​​late magma activity is not rich in radioactive heat-generating elements and is very “dry”. This series of research is led by the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Astronomical Observatory, and jointly carried out by a number of research institutions. The related results have formed 4 papers, one published in the “National Science Review”, and published in the international academic journal “Nature” 3 articles.

The duration and geochemical characteristics of the lunar basalt magma are the “keys” for understanding the thermal-chemical evolution of the moon. Previous studies have confirmed that magma activity on the moon lasted at least approximately 2.8 to 3 billion years ago. However, there has been controversy in the scientific community about the exact time when the lunar magma activity ceased. The study found that the lunar sample of Chang’e 5 is a new type of lunar basalt, which is different from the lunar samples collected and returned by the United States and the Soviet Union. Researchers analyzed more than 50 uranium-rich minerals in the basalt cuttings of the Chang’e 5 lunar sample and determined that the basalt formation age was 20.30±0.04 billion years, indicating that there was still magma activity on the moon until 2 billion years ago, which is more than the limit of previous lunar samples. Magma activity has been extended for about 800 million years.

​10月19日，中国科学院发布嫦娥五号月球科研样品最新研究成果，多项突破性进展给出了对月球演化的全新认识。嫦娥五号月球样品研究结果显示，月球直到20亿年前仍存在岩浆活动，晚期岩浆活动的月幔源区并不富含放射性生热元素，而且非常“干”。该系列研究由中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所和国家天文台主导，联合多家研究机构共同开展，相关成果形成4篇论文，在《国家科学评论》发表1篇，在国际学术期刊《自然》发表3篇。

月海玄武岩浆的持续时间和地球化学特征是理解月球热-化学演化的“钥匙”。此前的研究已证实，月球岩浆活动至少持续到大约28亿至30亿年前。但对于月球岩浆活动停止的确切时间，科学界一直存在争议。研究发现，嫦娥五号月球样品为一类新的月海玄武岩，不同于美国和苏联采集返回的月球样品。科研人员对嫦娥五号月球样品玄武岩岩屑中50余颗富铀矿物进行分析，确定玄武岩形成年龄为20.30±0.04亿年，表明月球直到20亿年前仍存在岩浆活动，比以往月球样品限定的岩浆活动延长了约8亿年。

The cause of the most recent magmatic activity on the Moon has always been an unsolved mystery. At present, there are two possible explanations in the scientific community: the lunar mantle source is rich in radioactive elements to provide a heat source, or the lunar mantle is rich in water to lower its melting point. The latest study found that the lunar mantle source area of ​​the basalt from the lunar sample of Chang’e 5 is not enriched in “Krip material.” Since the “Krip material” is rich in radioactive heat-generating elements, this result proves that the radioactive heat-generating elements of the lunar mantle are not the main reason for the formation of the basalt of the Chang’e-5 lunar sample. Regarding whether the magma source area is rich in water, the research team measured the water content and hydrogen isotopic composition in the basalt of the Chang’e 5 lunar sample, and found that the water content in the lunar mantle source area was only 1 to 5 micrograms/g, which means that the lunar mantle Very “dry”. This discovery also excludes the hypothesis that the lunar mantle is rich in water and has a low melting point, resulting in an abnormally prolonged duration of magma activity in this area.

月球最晚期岩浆活动的成因一直是未解之谜，目前科学界存在两种可能的解释：月幔源区富含放射性元素以提供热源，或月幔富含水从而降低其熔点。最新研究发现，嫦娥五号月球样品玄武岩的月幔源区并不富集“克里普物质”。由于“克里普物质”富含放射性生热元素，这一结果证明月幔放射性生热元素并不是形成嫦娥五号月球样品玄武岩的主要原因。对于岩浆源区是否富含水，科研团队测定了嫦娥五号月球样品玄武岩中的水含量和氢同位素组成，发现月幔源区的水含量仅为1至5微克/克，也就是说月幔非常“干”。这一发现也排除了月幔富水而具有低熔点，导致该区域岩浆活动持续时间异常延长的猜想。

Water content and hydrogen isotopic composition of apatite and melt inclusions in the Chang’e-5 basalt sample
Backscattered scanning electron microscope image of apatite and magma inclusions in the Chang’e-5 basalt (a) A complete picture of the basalt cuttings (406-010,023) in the alloy target. The cuttings are mainly composed of olivine (Ol), It is composed of pyroxene (Px), feldspar (Pl) and ilmenite (Ilm), and a small amount of iron olivine (Fa), meteorite (Tro), spinel (Sp), apatite (Apa) and Quartz (Q). 
(B), (c) and (d) are the partial images of the cuttings respectively. 
(B) The figure shows the melt inclusion (MI) surrounded by ilmenite. 
(C) and (d) show that apatite is mainly produced in the intergranular area and is euhedral or semi-automorphic

According to the hypothesis of the origin of the big impact, the original Earth collided with a planetary planet the size of Mars, forming a “disk” composed of high-temperature magma and gas around the earth. When the temperature begins to cool, materials such as silicate first gather to form the moon (Figure 1), and water is a highly volatile material that escapes into space in a gaseous form and is lost. Therefore, the moon born in this way contains almost no water and is a nearly dry planet. The research results of the lunar samples of Chang’e 5 further provided supporting evidence for the origin and evolution of the moon, raised new scientific questions for the study of the lunar thermal evolution history, and proposed new directions for future lunar exploration and research.

We welcome domestic and foreign scientists to join the ranks of the research on these data and samples. At present, research on lunar samples is mainly carried out by domestic scientific research institutions, and foreign scientists have joined the Chinese team to carry out joint research. In the follow-up, we will issue relevant policies, uphold the principles of “equality and mutual benefit, peaceful use, and inclusive development”, expand international exchanges and cooperation, and provide more Chinese wisdom, Chinese solutions, and Chinese power for the peaceful use of space and the promotion of a community with a shared future for mankind.

根据大撞击起源假说，原始地球与一个火星大小的星子碰撞，形成了一个围绕地球的、由高温岩浆和气体组成的“盘”。当温度开始冷却时，硅酸盐等物质首先聚集形成月球（图1），而水属于强挥发的物质，会以气态形式向太空逃逸而丢失。因此，这种方式诞生的月球，几乎不含水，是一个近乎干透了的星球。嫦娥五号月球样品的研究成果进一步为月球起源及演变提供了支撑证据，为月球热演化历史研究提出了新的科学问题，对未来的月球探测和研究提出了新的方向。

我们欢迎国内外科学家加入对这些数据和样品的研究行列。目前，月球样品研究主要由国内科研机构牵头开展，也有国外的科学家加入中国团队开展联合研究。后续，我们将出台相关政策，秉持“平等互利、和平利用、包容发展”的原则，扩大国际交流与合作，为人类和平利用太空、推动人类命运共同体提供更多中国智慧、中国方案、中国力量。

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#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #國家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #October2021 |#火星 # 天問 #天问一号#TianwenOne #MarsMission #Marslander #MarsRover #Tianwen1 probe  #祝融号 #ZhuRong Tianwen No.1 probe Exploration Exiting Sun Occultation stage on the #RedPlanet #Mars#天问一号探测器进入日凌阶段…

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On the  22nd  October 2021 Friday 天问一号飞運騎遊達达3亿CNSA – China National Space Administration – ESA – European Space agency Belt and road initiative mars mission…first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen- Martian Probe One …….”祝融号Zhu Rong”  previously on 30th August 2021 Mars Lander – Mars rover successfully exploring more than 1064 meters from its base lander camp.. Roamingly on the Rustic half diameter planet size Red planet Mars on Hong Kong SAR- Beijing Earth Wednesday time…  In which new mileage: “Zhu Rong” Mars Rover ….Sailing in the galaxy, strolling through the glamorous rustic environment in talking it’s adventure with Tianwen 1 Martian communications probe orbiting the Red Planet… in which “Zhurong” Mars rover completes scheduled exploration mission…

日凌结束，天问一号恢复科学探测Sun Ling ends, Tianwen No.1 resumes scientific exploration

In late September 2021, the Earth, Mars and the three sides to the sun almost in a straight line, a phenomenon known as Ling day. During this period, the communication between the Mars rover and the earth was disturbed by the sun’s electromagnetic radiation, which was unstable or even interrupted. During the transit period, the “Tianwen-1” orbiter and the “Zhurong” Mars rover entered autonomous operation mode and suspended scientific exploration work. In order to find out the actual impact of Riling, the engineering development team continued to carry out measurement and control link tracking tests, and for the first time obtained measured data on the interference of deep-space measurement and control communications under Riling, and accumulated first-hand data and engineering experience for subsequent tasks to deal with Riling.

​2021年9月下旬开始，地球、火星运行到太阳的两侧且三者近乎处于一条直线，这种现象称作日凌。在此期间，火星探测器与地球的通信受到太阳电磁辐射干扰，出现不稳定甚至中断。日凌期间，“天问一号”环绕器和“祝融号”火星车进入自主运行模式，暂停科学探测工作。为摸清日凌实际影响，工程研制团队持续开展测控链路跟踪测试，首次获取日凌状态下深空测控通信受干扰情况的实测数据，为后续任务应对日凌积累了一手数据和工程经验。

The astronomical phenomenon of occultation during the solar transit provides scientists with a rare opportunity to observe the solar transit occultation. The Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, the National Space Science Center and other units, together with the European VLBI Institute, the University of Tasmania in Australia and other institutions, used Wettzell and Yebes located in Shanghai, Kunming, Urumqi, and Europe. ), Medicina, Svetloe, Zelenchukskaya, Badary, Hobart, Keith, Russia The radio telescopes in Kath, Yarra, and Hartebeesthoek in South Africa carried out the same beam day for the “Tianwen-1” orbiter and the “Mars Express” orbiter (MEX). Ling observation. A total of about 5 terabytes of data have been obtained in this observation. At present, the parties are conducting joint research. By analyzing the influence of the electromagnetic wave signals transmitted by the two detectors back to the earth through the solar wind, the fluctuations in the interplanetary electron density caused by the intrinsic turbulence of the solar wind are studied. Scientific issues such as the relationship between solar wind micro-turbulence and macro-wind speed.

日凌期间出现掩星天文现象，为科学家提供了难得的日凌掩星观测机会。上海天文台、国家空间科学中心等单位，联合欧洲VLBI研究所、澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚大学等机构，利用分布在上海、昆明、乌鲁木齐，欧洲的韦特策尔（Wettzell）、耶韦斯（Yebes）、梅迪奇纳（Medicina），俄罗斯的斯韦特拉耶（Svetloe）、泽连楚克斯卡雅（Zelenchukskaya）、班达拉（Badary），澳大利亚的霍巴特（Hobart）、凯斯（Kath）、亚拉（Yarra）和南非的哈特比斯特胡克（Hartebeesthoek）等地的射电望远镜，对“天问一号”环绕器和“火星快车”轨道器（MEX）开展同波束日凌观测。本次观测共获取约5TB数据，目前各方正在开展联合研究，通过分析两个探测器传回地球的电磁波信号经过太阳风时受影响情况，研究太阳风内禀湍流引起的行星际电子密度涨落、太阳风微观湍流与宏观风速关系等科学问题。

A few days ago, the solar transit phenomenon has ended, and the measurement and control communication between the probe and the earth has returned to normal. Judging from the telemetry data, the “Tianwen No. 1” was in normal condition during the solar transit and passed the first solar transit safely. The orbiter will enter the remote sensing mission orbit in early November to carry out global remote sensing exploration of Mars to obtain scientific data such as Mars morphology and geological structure, surface material composition and soil type distribution, atmospheric ionosphere, and Martian space environment, while taking into account the development of the rover mission Phase of relay communication.

日前，日凌现象已经结束，探测器与地球之间的测控通信恢复正常，通过遥测数据判断，“天问一号”日凌期间状态正常，安全度过首次日凌。环绕器将于11月初进入遥感使命轨道，开展火星全球遥感探测，获取火星形貌与地质构造、表面物质成分与土壤类型分布、大气电离层、火星空间环境等科学数据，同时兼顾火星车拓展任务阶段的中继通信。

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Author: Geng Yan Chen Gang

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #October2021 | #嫦娥五号The #Moon #Change5 probe its Heroic  Lunar Mission from #MonsRumker #LunaExploration among with iconic China’s Collaborative first research results of #Chang’e5 lunar samples were published in #Science

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On 9th October 2021 Month in a Hong Kong –Beijing CNSA China National Space Administration- CLEP- China Lunar Exploration Program Belt and Road Initiative Mons Rumker Luna Mission …..  The team of CLEP – China Lunar Exploration CNSA’s lunar and Martian  exploration department  have release The first research results of Chang’e 5 lunar samples were published in “Science”

Recently, an international research team led by researcher Liu Dunyi from the Beijing Ion Probe Center of the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, China Geological Survey and Professor Alexander Nemchin, a senior overseas visiting scholar from the Institute of Geology, Australia, is conducting research on the Chang’e-5 lunar samples. Significant progress has been made. The team conducted chronological, elemental, and isotope analysis of the Chang’e 5 lunar basalt, which proved that magma activity still existed on the moon 1.96 billion years ago, providing key scientific evidence for perfecting the evolution of the moon. The related research paper “The Age and Composition of Chang’e 5 Young Basalt” was published online in the international academic journal “Science” in the early morning of October 8, Beijing time. This is the first academic achievement published based on the Chang’e-5 lunar sample. Researcher Liu Dunyi and Professor Alexander Nemchin are the co-corresponding authors of this article. Dr. Xiaochao Che is the first author of this article.

When the moon’s magmatism ceases has always been one of the major scientific issues in the study of the history of the moon’s evolution. Previous studies on lunar samples have not found that there is a magma activity younger than 2.9 billion years on the moon. The sampling location of the Chang’e-5 mission was designed in the lunar sea basalt area, which is the youngest on the lunar surface. A total of 1731 grams of lunar samples were collected through surface sampling and drilling. They were reviewed by the Lunar Sample Expert Committee and reviewed by the Lunar Exploration and Aerospace Engineering Center. , And reported to the National Space Administration for approval that on July 12 this year, the first batch of lunar scientific research samples totaling 31 were distributed to 13 scientific research institutions. Scientists all over the world are full of hope and look forward to obtaining the results of younger magma events from the study of the Chang’e-5 sample, so as to improve the evolution history of lunar magma.

The research team used detailed micro-area in-situ high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (SHRIMP) dating data and solid rock mineral geochemical data to prove that there was still magma activity on the moon until 1.96 billion years ago, making the previously known lunar geology The life span has been extended by about 1 billion years.

At present, scientific research on lunar samples is in progress, the second batch of lunar samples is issued according to procedures, and relevant scientific results will be released in time.

(Link to the original publication of the results: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abl7957)

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#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #國家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #October2021 |#火星 # 天問 #天问一号#TianwenOne #MarsMission #Marslander #MarsRover #Tianwen1 probe  #祝融号 #ZhuRong Tianwen No.1 probe enters the solar transit stage on the #RedPlanet #Mars# Occultation behind the Sun天问一号探测器进入日凌阶段…

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On the  5th October 2021天问一号飞運騎遊達达3亿CNSA – China National Space Administration – ESA – European Space agency Belt and road initiative mars mission…first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen- Martian Probe One …….”祝融号Zhu Rong”  previously on 30th August 2021 Mars Lander – Mars rover successfully exploring more than 1064 meters from its base lander camp.. Roamingly on the Rustic half diameter planet size Red planet Mars on Hong Kong SAR- Beijing Earth Wednesday time…  In which new mileage: “Zhu Rong” Mars Rover ….Sailing in the galaxy, strolling through the glamorous rustic environment in talking it’s adventure with Tianwen 1 Martian communications probe orbiting the Red Planet… in which “Zhurong” Mars rover completes scheduled exploration mission

In which on 5th Tuesday October 2021 Tianwen-1 probe enters the solar transit stage since late September, the earth and Mars have gradually moved to both sides of the sun and the three are almost in a straight line. The solar electromagnetic radiation interference gradually increases, and the device-to-ground communication is disturbed. Instability or even interruption, this phenomenon is called “riling”.


The “lost connection” between the probe and the ground during the solar transit is the expected normal state, and the “lost connection” is not “missing”. In order to safely pass the solar transit period, the Mars rover and the orbiter have completed the relevant state settings recently, stopped the scientific exploration work and continued to monitor the state. riling will end in mid-October, and the probe will resume communication with the ground and continue scientific exploration. 

In which during China’s National Day of the People’s Republic of China  was told the Marian Lander Zhurong also its Base Camp Mars Lander to go on a well earn sleep hibernation  in which  Tianwen No.1 probe enters the solar transit stage Beginning in late September, the Earth and Mars have gradually moved to both sides of the sun and the three are almost in a straight line. Due to  the electromagnetic radiation interference of the sun has gradually increased, and the communication between the device and the ground has been disturbed, and there has been instability or even interruption. This phenomenon is called “sun.” Ling”. The “lost connection” between the probe and the ground during the solar transit is the expected normal state, and the “lost connection” is not “missing”. In order to safely pass the solar transit period, the rover and the orbiter have completed the relevant status settings recently, stopped scientific exploration work and continued to monitor the status. Ri Ling will end in mid-October; the detector will resume communication with the ground and continue to carry out scientific exploration as the Planet Mars moves out from the Occultation going behind the Sun…

​​​天问一号探测器进入日凌阶段

9月下旬开始，地球、火星逐渐运行至太阳的两侧且三者近乎处于一条直线上，太阳电磁辐射干扰逐渐增强，器地通信受到干扰，出现不稳定甚至中断，这种现象称作“日凌”。

日凌期间探测器与地面“失联”是预期的正常状态，“失联”不是“失踪”。为安全度过日凌期，日前火星车和环绕器先后完成相关状态设置，停止科学探测工作并持续进行状态监视。

日凌将于10月中旬结束，探测器将恢复与地面的通信，继续开展科学探测。

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#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #September2021 | #WenchangSpacecraftLaunchCenter #文昌航天發射場The newly advance variant #LongMarch7  #ChangZheng7 #CarrierRocket #Shenzhou13 launching successfully #天舟三号  #CargoShip #Tianzhou3  towards the  #CSS #ChinaSpaceStation   #AGallery….

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On the week of 20th September 2021, Monday  Wenchang Spacecraft launch Center –Hainan Province –China – People’s Republic of China..   CNSA – China National Space Administration– China’s Tianzhou-3 cargo spacecraft 1500 Hong Kong SAR – Beijing Time ..  Today Launch preparations launching of the Long March- Chang Zheng 7Carrier Rocket …长七遥四星星安全运到文昌机场航场 According to the China Manned Space Engineering Office…..  The Chang Zheng Long March 7 Yao carrier rocket for the Tianzhou-3 mission has completed all the development work before it leaves the factory previously. It is currently now safely transported to Wenchang Space Launch Site on August 16, 2021 complex in  which the Chang Zheng – Long March 7 Yao carrier rocket and the Tianzhou-3 cargo spacecraft that have already being fuelled and prime up as it was transported to the launch complex on the 16th September 2021 carrying out the final assembly and testing on the launch complex after its assembly from Vertical Assembly Building..

Previously On the week of 16th September 2021, Thursday Wenchang Spacecraft launch Center –Hainan Province –China – People’s Republic of China..  It was the preparations of CNSA – China National Space Administration– China’s Tianzhou-3 cargo spacecraft to be prepared for this later month or early next month launching of the Long March- Chang Zheng 7Carrier Rocket …长七遥四星星安全运到文昌机场航场 According to the China Manned Space Engineering Office, the Long March 7 Yaosi carrier rocket for the Tianzhou-3 mission has completed all the development work before it leaves the factory. It is in Beijing It will be safely transported to Wenchang Space Launch Site on August 16, 2021. The Long March 7 Yaosi carrier rocket and the Tianzhou-3 cargo spacecraft that have already arrived in advance will carry out the final assembly and testing of the launch site as planned

On September 16 – Thursday, 2021, Hong Kong SAR Beijing time, the combination of the Tianzhou-3 cargo spacecraft and the Chang Zheng Long March -7 Yao-4 carrier rockets was vertically transferred to the launch area. At present, the facilities and equipment of the Wenchang Aerospace Launch Site are in good condition, and various functional inspections and joint tests will be carried out before the launch as planned….  

According to the China Manned Space Engineering Office, at 8:56 on September 16, 2021, Beijing time, the Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft and the space station Tianhe core module successfully implemented separation. Up to now, the Shenzhou 12 astronaut crew has worked and lived in the space station complex for 90 days, setting a record for Chinese astronauts’ space residence time in a single mission. Before separation, the astronaut crew, with the cooperation of ground scientific and technical personnel, completed various tasks before evacuation, such as setting the state of the space station assembly, sorting and downloading experimental data, and clearing and transferring materials on orbit…..Also During this morning, the Shenzhou 12 astronaut crew, with the cooperation of ground scientific and technical personnel, completed the withdrawal of relevant experimental devices and important items in the core module. Before leaving the space station complex, Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming, and Tang Hongbo expressed their gratitude and respect to ground-based scientific and technical personnel and people who care about and support the aerospace industry …..

Today, the combination of the天舟三号 cargo spacecraft and the Chang Zheng- Long March 7 Yaosi carrier rocket has been vertically transferred to the launch area. At present, the facilities and equipment of the Wenchang Aerospace Launch Site are in good condition, and various functional inspections and joint tests will be carried out before the launch as planned. China Aerospace, come on Add Oil ….!

神舟十二号回As of now, the Shenzhou 12 astronaut crew has been working and living in the space station complex for 90 days, refreshing the single flight of Chinese astronauts A record of the mission’s space residence time.
Before the separation, the astronaut crew, with the cooperation of ground scientific and technical personnel, completed the pre-evacuation tasks such as setting the state of the space station assembly, sorting and downloading experimental data, and clearing and transferring the orbiting material

The Chinese space station is named “Tiangong”. The basic configuration is composed of three sections: core cabin, experiment cabin, and experiment cabin, in a T-shaped configuration, with the core cabin in the middle, and the experiment cabin and experiment cabin 1 are connected to both sides.
The mass of the core cabin, the experimental cabin and the three-chamber combination of the experimental cabin 1 is about 68.5 tons, with a rated crew of 3, and a short-term crew rotation period of up to 6 people. It has the capacity to install and support more than 10 tons of load equipment. The design life is not less than 10 years, and it has the ability to extend the service life through maintenance and repair, and has a certain expansion capability.
The core module is named “Tianhe”. It is the management and control center of the space station and the main place for astronauts to live. It supports the development of a small number of space science and technology experiments.


The experiment module is named “Wen Tian”, and its main task is to carry out scientific experiments and technical experiments in the space inside and outside the cabin. It also has the management and control capabilities of the space station. It is also a working and living place for astronauts and an emergency shelter.


Experiment module 1 is named “Mengtian”, and its main task is to carry out scientific experiments and technical experiments in and out of the cabin. It is also a working and living place for astronauts and an emergency shelter. After the construction of the space station is completed, the optical capsule will be launched in common orbit with it

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