Tag: moon

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #November2021 | #嫦娥五号The #Moon #Change5 probe its Heroic #LunarMission from #MonsRumker #LunaExploration #Review of the first anniversary of the Chang’e 5 mission-the  #ChangZheng5 #LongMarch5 #CarrierRocket arrow points to the sky …..

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One year ago today 24th November 2020 Now it’s the 24th November 2021 , the Chang Zheng – Long March Five Carrier Rocket Launched away  in CNSA – China National Space Administration China Wenchang spaceport launch, Change Five  Lunar probe into orbit, opened up towards China – People’s Republic of China’s first celestial bodies sample return trip from Mons Rumker on the Lunar Surface.……  

Highlight 1: Narrow window launch The launch window is the ignition time period for the launch vehicle to meet the needs of the transfer to the moon. Due to the typhoon and strong tropical cyclone in Wenchang area, high-altitude wind, heavy rainfall, thunderstorms and other meteorological conditions are very complicated, it can be imagined. The narrower the window, the greater the risk of launching large cryogenic launch vehicles. There are many factors that determine the launch window, such as the relative position of the launch site and the target point, the safe landing zone of the rocket wreckage, the time of sunlight after the launch probe (satellite) enters orbit, the measurement and control arc, the lunar landing zone, and the lunar take-off time , Re-entry return time, etc. The more the launch constraint conditions, the narrower the launch window. In order to ensure the reliable implementation of the Chang’e-5 mission, it is necessary to solve the design difficulties of the multi-orbit moon launch scheme under the constraints of the range of launch, the safety of the landing zone, the measurement and control of the ascent section, and the rocket taxi time.

Aspect 2: During the two-stage taxiing process of the accurate low-temperature launch vehicle in the landing zone of the rocket, the quality of the propellant will decline with the passage of time, so the longer the taxiing time, the more unfavourable the startup of the low-temperature power system. For this reason, the rocket system has carried out a large number of ground tests, and the three flights of the Long March 5 have fully evaluated and verified the long sliding ability of the model. The rocket area of ​​the Chang’e-5 mission must fly over the Philippine Islands. The booster landing area is located west of the Philippines, the fairing landing area is located east of the Philippines, and the core landing area is located in the Pacific Ocean. Multi-ballistic launching has caused significant horizontal and vertical dispersion in the sub-level wreckage landing area. Therefore, if the mission permits, the range of the shooting direction and dispersion must be minimized to optimize the safety of the landing area. The scientific research team carried out multiple rounds of optimization design for the horizontal and vertical dispersion of the multi-ballistic trajectory to the moon with variable firing direction and variable glide time. In the end, the rocket wreckage landed exactly in the intended sea area. Aspect 3: Multi-trajectory, “moving target shooting”

A key technology in the launch phase of the Chang’e-5 mission is multi-ballistic launch, that is, within 3 consecutive days, there are 5 nominal trajectories with 10 minute intervals between take-offs every day, evenly covering the 50-minute launch window. The purpose of multiple ballistics is to achieve “mobile shooting” with different take-off points and the same destination during the relative movement of the earth and the moon. As long as the launch vehicle ignites within the launch window and sends the probe into a predetermined Earth-Moon transfer orbit, the probe can fly to the near-moon point at exactly the same time, altitude, incident angle, illumination, and measurement and control conditions. Through the detailed orbit design, the outstanding performance of the launch vehicle systems, and the concerted cooperation of various departments, the Chang’e-5 probe was sent into the scheduled orbit with very high accuracy, laying a solid foundation for the subsequent flight missions.

Aspect 3: Multi-trajectory, “moving target shooting” A key technology in the launch phase of the Chang’e-5 mission is multi-ballistic launch, that is, within 3 consecutive days, there are 5 nominal trajectories with 10 minute intervals between take-offs every day, evenly covering the 50-minute launch window. The purpose of multiple ballistics is to achieve “mobile shooting” with different take-off points and the same destination during the relative movement of the earth and the moon. As long as the launch vehicle ignites within the launch window and sends the probe into a predetermined Earth-Moon transfer orbit, the probe can fly to the near-moon point at exactly the same time, altitude, incident angle, illumination, and measurement and control conditions. Through the detailed orbit design, the outstanding performance of the launch vehicle systems, and the concerted cooperation of various departments, the Chang’e-5 probe was sent into the scheduled orbit with very high accuracy, laying a solid foundation for the subsequent flight missions.

Images and visuals are from Weibo and their respectives…. Of CNSA China National Space Administration …  

#AlreadyTomorrowInHongKong #香港| #香港太空館 #HongKongSpaceMuseum #November2021 | #月偏食直播 Live Streaming of #PartialLunarEclipse for the 19th November 2021….

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Located in the Heart of Hong Kong central of Victoria Harbour in which locate looking at the iconic Megatroplis HongKong Island city landscape from the opposite is the Hong Kong Space Museum  香港太空館 in which located at 10 Salisbury Road, Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China –People’s Republic of China..  in which is one of the most international iconic buildings architecturally due to its hemispheric round dome in which is iconic known as one of Hong Kong’s local most cherish bread pastries the Pineapple Bun – Bolo Bao due to the pineapple ceramic texturing tiles of the dome structure that resembles the delicious texturing of the Pineapple Bun .. In which on In June 2014, the Hong Kong Government listed the pineapple bun as a part of Hong Kong’s intangible cultural heritage. … Despite the name, it does not traditionally contain pineapple; rather, the name refers to the look of the characteristic topping (which resembles the texture of a pineapple)……

The Hong Kong Space Museum  香港太空館 is a museum in  which is dedicated as museum for Astronomy and Space Sciences in which educating with  facilities of the museum are located in a building next to the planetarium, showcasing information about the Solar System, cosmology, and spaceflight……  holdings various types of astronomical exhibitions and lectures. It is also open to schools, groups and the public… in which it is opened on 1980 and managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of the Hong Kong SAR Government…. In which the construction only took three years to build starting of that construction is 1977… Opening on 8th October 1980.

lunar eclipse photography – photographer @kevinjamesng for KevinJamesNg.com 月 LunaCrescent.com

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A partial lunar eclipse will be visible in Hong Kong on November 19 (Friday). This is the second lunar eclipse this year, after the first one in May. Members of the public may enjoy this event during the evening when the Moon rises from the east-northeast horizon. At the time of moonrise at 5:38pm that day, the “maximum eclipse” stage has already ended. The Moon is leaving the umbra gradually and the partial eclipse ends at 6:47pm when the Moon exits the Earth’s umbra completely. The whole eclipse ends when the Moon leaves the penumbra at 8:06pm.

The Hong Kong Space Museum will live stream the partial lunar eclipse on that day. Curators will introduce the science behind lunar eclipse and share interesting titbits related to this astronomical phenomenon.

Speaker: Dr. SO Chu-wing (Assistant Curator of the Hong Kong Space Museum),

Miss LEUNG Wing-yan, Frances (Assistant Curator of the Hong Kong Space Museum)

Date: 19 November 2021 (Friday)

Time 🙁 1730-1900 Hong Kong SAR –Beijing Time)   5:30 – 7:00  pm Language: Cantonese

本港將在十一月十九日（星期五）出現月偏食天文現象，這次是繼五月的月食後，今年第二次出現的月食，市民可於黃昏月出時望向東北偏東的方向欣賞。當天月球於下午五時三十八分東升，其時「食甚」階段已經結束，月球正逐漸離開地球本影。到下午六時四十七分，月球「復圓」，完全離開地球本影。整個月食過程在晚上八時零六分當月球離開地球半影時結束。由於月食在月球升出時已經開始，因此這次現象又稱為「帶食出」。

香港太空館會於當日直播是次月食天文現象，並由館長們分享與月食相關的科學知識。

講者：蘇柱榮博士（香港太空館助理館長）、梁穎恩女士（香港太空館助理館長）

日期：2021年11月19日（星期五）

時間：下午5時30分至晚上7時

語言：粵語

本次月食資料

半影食始、初虧、食甚：香港不可見

月出：17:38  復圓：18:47 半影食終：20:06 Hong Kong SAR- Beijing Time.

For other places of watching the Livestreaming of the Near Lunar Eclipse in Hong Kong SAR- China- People’s Republic of China..

有關月食的詳細資訊，可瀏覽香港太空館網頁For details of the lunar eclipse, please visit the website of the Hong Kong Space Museum:


月偏食電腦模擬影片Simulation video of Partial Lunar Eclipse:


香港天文台Hong Kong Observatory:

保良局顏寶鈴書院Po Leung Kuk Ngan Po Ling College:

月偏食網上聯合直播Joint webcast on Partial Lunar Eclipse:

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #October2021 | #嫦娥五号The #Moon #Change5 probe its Heroic Lunar Mission from #MonsRumker #LunaExploration #Chang’e5 Research lunar samples refreshing Traditional Understanding of Lunar Evolution…

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On October 19th Thursday 2021, the Chinese Academy of Sciences  released the latest research results of the Chang’e-5 lunar scientific research samples. A number of breakthroughs have given a new understanding of the evolution of the moon. The research results of the lunar samples of Chang’e 5 show that magma activity still existed on the moon until 2 billion years ago. The lunar mantle source area of ​​late magma activity is not rich in radioactive heat-generating elements and is very “dry”. This series of research is led by the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Astronomical Observatory, and jointly carried out by a number of research institutions. The related results have formed 4 papers, one published in the “National Science Review”, and published in the international academic journal “Nature” 3 articles.

The duration and geochemical characteristics of the lunar basalt magma are the “keys” for understanding the thermal-chemical evolution of the moon. Previous studies have confirmed that magma activity on the moon lasted at least approximately 2.8 to 3 billion years ago. However, there has been controversy in the scientific community about the exact time when the lunar magma activity ceased. The study found that the lunar sample of Chang’e 5 is a new type of lunar basalt, which is different from the lunar samples collected and returned by the United States and the Soviet Union. Researchers analyzed more than 50 uranium-rich minerals in the basalt cuttings of the Chang’e 5 lunar sample and determined that the basalt formation age was 20.30±0.04 billion years, indicating that there was still magma activity on the moon until 2 billion years ago, which is more than the limit of previous lunar samples. Magma activity has been extended for about 800 million years.

​10月19日，中国科学院发布嫦娥五号月球科研样品最新研究成果，多项突破性进展给出了对月球演化的全新认识。嫦娥五号月球样品研究结果显示，月球直到20亿年前仍存在岩浆活动，晚期岩浆活动的月幔源区并不富含放射性生热元素，而且非常“干”。该系列研究由中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所和国家天文台主导，联合多家研究机构共同开展，相关成果形成4篇论文，在《国家科学评论》发表1篇，在国际学术期刊《自然》发表3篇。

月海玄武岩浆的持续时间和地球化学特征是理解月球热-化学演化的“钥匙”。此前的研究已证实，月球岩浆活动至少持续到大约28亿至30亿年前。但对于月球岩浆活动停止的确切时间，科学界一直存在争议。研究发现，嫦娥五号月球样品为一类新的月海玄武岩，不同于美国和苏联采集返回的月球样品。科研人员对嫦娥五号月球样品玄武岩岩屑中50余颗富铀矿物进行分析，确定玄武岩形成年龄为20.30±0.04亿年，表明月球直到20亿年前仍存在岩浆活动，比以往月球样品限定的岩浆活动延长了约8亿年。

The cause of the most recent magmatic activity on the Moon has always been an unsolved mystery. At present, there are two possible explanations in the scientific community: the lunar mantle source is rich in radioactive elements to provide a heat source, or the lunar mantle is rich in water to lower its melting point. The latest study found that the lunar mantle source area of ​​the basalt from the lunar sample of Chang’e 5 is not enriched in “Krip material.” Since the “Krip material” is rich in radioactive heat-generating elements, this result proves that the radioactive heat-generating elements of the lunar mantle are not the main reason for the formation of the basalt of the Chang’e-5 lunar sample. Regarding whether the magma source area is rich in water, the research team measured the water content and hydrogen isotopic composition in the basalt of the Chang’e 5 lunar sample, and found that the water content in the lunar mantle source area was only 1 to 5 micrograms/g, which means that the lunar mantle Very “dry”. This discovery also excludes the hypothesis that the lunar mantle is rich in water and has a low melting point, resulting in an abnormally prolonged duration of magma activity in this area.

月球最晚期岩浆活动的成因一直是未解之谜，目前科学界存在两种可能的解释：月幔源区富含放射性元素以提供热源，或月幔富含水从而降低其熔点。最新研究发现，嫦娥五号月球样品玄武岩的月幔源区并不富集“克里普物质”。由于“克里普物质”富含放射性生热元素，这一结果证明月幔放射性生热元素并不是形成嫦娥五号月球样品玄武岩的主要原因。对于岩浆源区是否富含水，科研团队测定了嫦娥五号月球样品玄武岩中的水含量和氢同位素组成，发现月幔源区的水含量仅为1至5微克/克，也就是说月幔非常“干”。这一发现也排除了月幔富水而具有低熔点，导致该区域岩浆活动持续时间异常延长的猜想。

Water content and hydrogen isotopic composition of apatite and melt inclusions in the Chang’e-5 basalt sample
Backscattered scanning electron microscope image of apatite and magma inclusions in the Chang’e-5 basalt (a) A complete picture of the basalt cuttings (406-010,023) in the alloy target. The cuttings are mainly composed of olivine (Ol), It is composed of pyroxene (Px), feldspar (Pl) and ilmenite (Ilm), and a small amount of iron olivine (Fa), meteorite (Tro), spinel (Sp), apatite (Apa) and Quartz (Q). 
(B), (c) and (d) are the partial images of the cuttings respectively. 
(B) The figure shows the melt inclusion (MI) surrounded by ilmenite. 
(C) and (d) show that apatite is mainly produced in the intergranular area and is euhedral or semi-automorphic

According to the hypothesis of the origin of the big impact, the original Earth collided with a planetary planet the size of Mars, forming a “disk” composed of high-temperature magma and gas around the earth. When the temperature begins to cool, materials such as silicate first gather to form the moon (Figure 1), and water is a highly volatile material that escapes into space in a gaseous form and is lost. Therefore, the moon born in this way contains almost no water and is a nearly dry planet. The research results of the lunar samples of Chang’e 5 further provided supporting evidence for the origin and evolution of the moon, raised new scientific questions for the study of the lunar thermal evolution history, and proposed new directions for future lunar exploration and research.

We welcome domestic and foreign scientists to join the ranks of the research on these data and samples. At present, research on lunar samples is mainly carried out by domestic scientific research institutions, and foreign scientists have joined the Chinese team to carry out joint research. In the follow-up, we will issue relevant policies, uphold the principles of “equality and mutual benefit, peaceful use, and inclusive development”, expand international exchanges and cooperation, and provide more Chinese wisdom, Chinese solutions, and Chinese power for the peaceful use of space and the promotion of a community with a shared future for mankind.

根据大撞击起源假说，原始地球与一个火星大小的星子碰撞，形成了一个围绕地球的、由高温岩浆和气体组成的“盘”。当温度开始冷却时，硅酸盐等物质首先聚集形成月球（图1），而水属于强挥发的物质，会以气态形式向太空逃逸而丢失。因此，这种方式诞生的月球，几乎不含水，是一个近乎干透了的星球。嫦娥五号月球样品的研究成果进一步为月球起源及演变提供了支撑证据，为月球热演化历史研究提出了新的科学问题，对未来的月球探测和研究提出了新的方向。

我们欢迎国内外科学家加入对这些数据和样品的研究行列。目前，月球样品研究主要由国内科研机构牵头开展，也有国外的科学家加入中国团队开展联合研究。后续，我们将出台相关政策，秉持“平等互利、和平利用、包容发展”的原则，扩大国际交流与合作，为人类和平利用太空、推动人类命运共同体提供更多中国智慧、中国方案、中国力量。

Images and visuals are from Weibo and there respectives.

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #October2021 | #嫦娥五号The #Moon #Change5 probe its Heroic  Lunar Mission from #MonsRumker #LunaExploration among with iconic China’s Collaborative first research results of #Chang’e5 lunar samples were published in #Science

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On 9th October 2021 Month in a Hong Kong –Beijing CNSA China National Space Administration- CLEP- China Lunar Exploration Program Belt and Road Initiative Mons Rumker Luna Mission …..  The team of CLEP – China Lunar Exploration CNSA’s lunar and Martian  exploration department  have release The first research results of Chang’e 5 lunar samples were published in “Science”

Recently, an international research team led by researcher Liu Dunyi from the Beijing Ion Probe Center of the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, China Geological Survey and Professor Alexander Nemchin, a senior overseas visiting scholar from the Institute of Geology, Australia, is conducting research on the Chang’e-5 lunar samples. Significant progress has been made. The team conducted chronological, elemental, and isotope analysis of the Chang’e 5 lunar basalt, which proved that magma activity still existed on the moon 1.96 billion years ago, providing key scientific evidence for perfecting the evolution of the moon. The related research paper “The Age and Composition of Chang’e 5 Young Basalt” was published online in the international academic journal “Science” in the early morning of October 8, Beijing time. This is the first academic achievement published based on the Chang’e-5 lunar sample. Researcher Liu Dunyi and Professor Alexander Nemchin are the co-corresponding authors of this article. Dr. Xiaochao Che is the first author of this article.

When the moon’s magmatism ceases has always been one of the major scientific issues in the study of the history of the moon’s evolution. Previous studies on lunar samples have not found that there is a magma activity younger than 2.9 billion years on the moon. The sampling location of the Chang’e-5 mission was designed in the lunar sea basalt area, which is the youngest on the lunar surface. A total of 1731 grams of lunar samples were collected through surface sampling and drilling. They were reviewed by the Lunar Sample Expert Committee and reviewed by the Lunar Exploration and Aerospace Engineering Center. , And reported to the National Space Administration for approval that on July 12 this year, the first batch of lunar scientific research samples totaling 31 were distributed to 13 scientific research institutions. Scientists all over the world are full of hope and look forward to obtaining the results of younger magma events from the study of the Chang’e-5 sample, so as to improve the evolution history of lunar magma.

The research team used detailed micro-area in-situ high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (SHRIMP) dating data and solid rock mineral geochemical data to prove that there was still magma activity on the moon until 1.96 billion years ago, making the previously known lunar geology The life span has been extended by about 1 billion years.

At present, scientific research on lunar samples is in progress, the second batch of lunar samples is issued according to procedures, and relevant scientific results will be released in time.

(Link to the original publication of the results: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abl7957)

Images and visuals are from Weibo and there respectives.

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #CLEP #Apirl2021 | #VonKarmanCrater #LunarMission #Change4 #Yutu2 Lunar adventuring #LunaExploration Summary awakened smoothly and entered the 29th month day work period back to work …..!

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As of 7th April 2021, The CNSA –China National Space Administration Belt and Road Initiative Lunar Mission……Chang’e-4 successfully awakened completed the 29th day At the time when China Land Spring and Jingming, on the far side of the moon, sunlight again spread on the Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover, which were at 21:43 and 3 o’clock on April 6th. 54 minutes to end the moon night dormancy, awakened autonomously by light, and entered the 29th month day work period. Up to now, Chang’e-4 has spent 825 Earth days on the back of the moon.

As shown in Figure 1, the patrol is currently located at LE02805, which is located in the northwest direction of the landing site of Chang’e 4, which is about 455 meters straight from the landing point, and the travel path of the patrol is about 682.8 meters. Based on the LE02805 point panoramic camera stitched image, DOM image and other data, the lunar rover will continue to move towards the basalt distribution area (about 1.2km from the current patrol device, located at 177.5389° east longitude, near 45.4119° south latitude) during the 29th day of the month. The location is located northwest of the current detection point. Related scientific results will be released in time.

Work planned for this month:

(1) The panoramic camera carries out ring shooting detection;

(2) Infrared imaging spectrometer to carry out calibration and scientific detection;

(3) Neutral Atomic Sounder (ASAN) to carry out scientific detection;

(4) The moon-measuring radar conducts simultaneous detection of the path area during driving.

Previously ….As of 22th March 2021 Monday, The CNSA –China National Space Administration Belt and Road Initiative Lunar Mission……Chang’e-4 successfully awakened completed the 28th day of the work period after the Chinese Lunar New Year – year of the OX  got  back to work  Chang’e 4 completed the 28th day of work……. The Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover finished their 28th day of work at 2 o’clock on March 21 and at 17:09 Hong Kong – Beijing Time  on March 20, and entered the moon night Hibernate. Up to now, the Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu-2” lunar rover have survived 808 Earth days on the moon. The lunar rover travelled about 30 meters during the day and the accumulated mileage was 682.77 meters…

Images and visual are from Weibo..