Tag: Mars Satellite

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #國家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #May2022 | #火星 # 天問 #天问一号#TianwenOne #MarsMission #Marslander #MarsRover probe  #祝融号 #ZhuRong The first anniversary of Tianwen-1 landing on Mars…..

kevinjamesngLeave a comment

On today is of 15TH  May 2022   天问一号飞運騎遊達达3亿CNSA – China National Space Administration – ESA – European Space agency Belt and road initiative mars mission…first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen- Martian Probe One year anniversary…The first anniversary of Tianwen-1 landing on Mars….. Tianwen-1 successfully landed in the southern part of the Martian Utopia Plain, leaving China’s mark on Mars for the first time. So far, it has worked on the surface of Mars for 356 Martian days and has travelled a total of mileage1921 meters. The orbiter has flown for 661 days since its launch, and has continued to carry out remote sensing detection since it entered the orbit around the fire red planet Mars of least haft diameter of Earth.

The first anniversary of Tianwen-1 landing on Mars On May 15, 2021, from since then At present, the two devices are in good condition, and about 940GB of original scientific data has been acquired and returned. Teams of scientists are conducting data analysis, interpretation and research…. .

​​​

​

​

​Now we describe the one-year work process of Tianwen-1 through a long picture.

At present, the “Zhurong” Mars rover inspection area has entered winter, the highest temperature during the day has dropped to below minus 20 ℃, and the minimum temperature at night has dropped to minus 100 ℃, and sand and dust weather is frequent. Affected by the gradual reduction of the sun irradiation angle and the local sand and dust weather, the energy acquisition capacity of the “Zhurong” Mars rover has gradually decreased, and the thermal insulation consumption has gradually increased. To cope with this harsh environment, according to the design, the rover will switch to winter mode. The orbiter continues to carry out remote sensing exploration, and will soon achieve global coverage of Mars, while providing relay communication support for the rover.

Video review of Tianwen-1 – CNSA China National Space Administration Beijing Flight Control Center at the moment when Zhurong successfully landed on Mars, the achievement was hard-won, but the achievement was difficult, thank you for every effort and perseverance!

Commemorating the first anniversary of the Tianwen-1 Mars probe’s successful landing on Mars!
2021.05.15-2022.05.15 At 7:18 Hong Kong SAR-Beijing Time.

on May 15, 2021, the scientific research team confirmed according to the telemetry signal sent by the “Zhurong” Mars rover that the Tianwen-1 landing rover successfully landed in the pre-selected landing area in the southern Utopia Plain of Mars , China’s first Mars exploration mission to land on Mars was a complete success…..

As the first mission of China – People’s Republic of China’s planetary exploration project, Tianwen-1 has realized the leap of my country’s space exploration from the Earth-Moon system to the interplanetary system. It is the first time in the world to complete the orbiting, landing, and inspection of Mars through a single mission. It is China- People’s Republic of China’s aerospace industry. Another milestone in development.


作者：耿言 戚铁磊
海报：顾天莹 赛凡科幻空间​​​​

Images and visuals are from CNSA- China National Space Administration also from there respectives- CLEP –China Lunar Exploration Project..

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #國家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #May2022 | #火星 # 天問 #天问一号#TianwenOne #MarsMission #Marslander #MarsRover #Tianwen1 probe  #祝融号 #ZhuRong #Tianwen1 is preparing for winter, and the orbiter continues to carry out orbital exploration….

kevinjamesngLeave a comment

On the months of 5th May 2022   天问一号飞運騎遊達达3亿CNSA – China National Space Administration – ESA – European Space agency Belt and road initiative mars mission…first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen- Martian Probe One  sent back stunning images of the Half Earth Mass size of the Rustic Planet Mars in which show stunning Martian landscape with its iconic polar caps of either southern or northern … With its timeless Stunning Mars Photography. Tianwen-1″ returned high-resolution images of the Mars inspection area The “Zhurong” rover is preparing for winter, and the orbiter continues to carry out orbital exploration…..

As of May 5, 2022, the “Tianwen-1” orbiter has been in orbit for 651 days and is 240 million kilometers away from the earth. The “Zhurong” rover has worked on the surface of Mars for 347 Martian days, with a cumulative travel of 1921 meters, the two devices have accumulated about 940GB of original scientific data, and the operation is normal.

During the ring fire, all seven payloads carried by the “Tianwen-1” orbiter were powered on, and continued to carry out global remote sensing exploration of Mars. Figure 1 is a 0.8 m/pixel image taken by a high-resolution camera on April 17, 2022, of the Triolle crater on Mars, showing the “seasonal slope pattern” on the crater wall. Figure 2 is a local landform image of the Martian Sailor Valley captured by a medium-resolution camera on April 1, 2022, with a resolution of about 65 meters per pixel. 

Figure 1. “Seasonal slope pattern” of the crater wall of the Triolet crater on Mars, captured by a high-resolution camera 
Fig. 2 Local landform of Martian Sailor Valley captured by medium-resolution camera

After the “Zhurong” Mars rover completed the 90-Mars day inspection mission on August 15, 2021, it will continue to carry out the expansion inspection and exploration mission. Figure 3 is an image of rocks distributed near impact craters on the Martian surface taken by the Navigation Terrain Camera on April 10, 2022 (the 323rd Martian day after landing). At present, the area where the “Zhurong” rover is located has entered winter. Similar to our earth, after entering winter, the altitude angle of solar illumination in the northern hemisphere area decreases and the duration of illumination shortens. According to the measurements, the local maximum temperature at noon on the rover has dropped to -20°C, and the ambient temperature at night is as low as -100°C. In addition, due to the presence of sand and dust weather, the light intensity is further weakened, which affects the power generation capacity of the solar wing battery array of the Mars rover. Recently, the engineering team adopted the rotation of the solar wing to adjust the light angle, reduce the daily work items and time, and achieve energy balance. 

Figure 3. Images of rocks distributed near impact craters on the Martian surface captured by the Navigation Terrain Camera

The rotation period of Mars is close to that of Earth. A Martian day is only about 40 minutes longer than that of Earth. The inclination of Mars’ rotation axis is 25.19°, which is also very close to Earth. Therefore, Mars also has day and night alternations and seasonal changes like Earth. The orbital period of Mars is about 687 days, that is, 1 Martian year is equivalent to 1.9 Earth years, which means that the average duration of each season on Mars is about twice as long as on Earth.

When the “Zhurong” first landed last year, when Mars moved to the vicinity of the aphelion, the direct sunlight point was in the northern hemisphere. At that time, the northern hemisphere had just entered summer and the southern hemisphere had entered winter. Now, nearly a year after landing on Mars, Mars is running near the perihelion, and the direct sun is in the southern hemisphere. The northern hemisphere where “Zhurong” is located is entering winter and the southern hemisphere is entering summer.

In the next two months, the direct sun point will continue to move to the south of Mars, reaching around the Tropic of Cancer around mid-to-late July, when Mars’ northern hemisphere will enter the coldest season of the year. In order to safely survive extreme weather such as Martian winter and sandstorms, the “Zhurong” rover has designed working modes such as autonomous sleep. When the energy is reduced to a certain level, it will automatically enter the sleep mode. After the environmental conditions gradually improve, it will return to normal Operating mode. 

作者：耿言 李佳威

Images and visuals are from CNSA- China National Space Administration also from there respectives- CLEP –China Lunar Exploration Project..

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #國家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #March2022 | #火星 # 天問 #天问一号#TianwenOne #MarsMission #Marslander #MarsRover #Tianwen1 probe  #祝融号 #ZhuRong #Tianwen1 returned high-resolution images of the Mars inspection area…..

kevinjamesngLeave a comment

On the months of March 2022  the week of 20th March 2022   天问一号飞運騎遊達达3亿CNSA – China National Space Administration – ESA – European Space agency Belt and road initiative mars mission…first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen- Martian Probe One  sent back stunning images of the Half Earth Mass size of the Rustic Planet Mars in which show stunning Martian landscape with its iconic polar caps of either southern or northern .. With its timeless Stunning Mars Photography. Tianwen-1″ returned high-resolution images of the Mars inspection area

Figure 1 The image of the inspection area of ​​”Zhurong” taken by a high-resolution camera

 A few days ago, the “Tianwen No. 1” orbiter passed over the inspection area of ​​the Mars rover again, and took a 0.5-meter resolution image of the “Zhurong” inspection area. As of March 24, 2022, the “Zhurong” rover has been working on the surface of Mars for 306 Martian days and has traveled 1,784 meters in total. The “Tianwen-1” orbiter has been in orbit for 609 days and is 277 million kilometers away from the earth. Both are operating normally.

(a) Taken on May 19 , 
2021 ( the 
5th
 Martian day after landing ), the surface of the rover is not covered by sand and dust
(b) Taken on 
January 
22 , 
2022 (the 247th

 Martian day 
after landing ), there is obvious dust coverage on the surface of the 
rover
Figure 2 Comparison of images of the rover taken by the Navigation Terrain Camera in different periods

The “Zhurong” rover also sent back selfies from the surface of Mars. Compared with the photos taken just after landing, it can be seen that a thin layer of dust has accumulated on the surface of the rover. At the same time, according to the telemetry information of the rover, the power generation efficiency of the solar wing is affected to a certain extent, but the energy is still sufficient. In order to cope with the dust coverage, the solar wing of the Mars rover has been specially designed, and various measures can be taken to deal with the problem of the reduction of power generation efficiency caused by the sand and dust.

(a) 
Taken at the 
center of the 
 image on January 22 , 2022 ( 30.7 °E, 74.0 ° N )
(b) 
Taken at the center of the image on February 10 , 2022 ( 37.8 ° east longitude , 7 2.9 ° north latitude), a local sandstorm occurred, and the ground objects were difficult to distinguish
 
Fig. 3 Comparison of wind and sand activities in high latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere captured by medium-resolution cameras

The Martian dust storm will directly affect the energy acquisition of the Mars rover, which has always attracted much attention. The engineering team continued to monitor the Martian sand and dust weather through images obtained by the medium-resolution camera of the “Tianwen-1” orbiter, and found that from late January this year, obvious wind and sand activities began to appear in the area north of 60 ° N latitude on Mars. It can be seen from the figure below that a local sandstorm occurred in this area in February this year, and typical features were covered by a large amount of sand and dust, making it difficult to distinguish.

At present, the northern hemisphere of Mars has begun to enter autumn. According to the analysis of previous detection data, autumn is the season of frequent occurrence of dusty weather on Mars, but no obvious dusty weather has been observed in the inspection area of ​​”Zhurong”.

(a) Taken on March 24 , 2021 , at the center of the image ( 110.2 ° E, 24.6 °N)
(b) Taken on January 30 , 2022 , at the center of the image ( 107.4 ° E longitude , 24.4 ° N latitude )
Figure 4. Medium resolution image of “Zhurong” landing inspection area

The “Tianwen-1” orbiter continues to carry out global remote sensing exploration of Mars, and focuses on typical landforms and geological units such as craters, volcanoes, canyons, and dry riverbeds, and obtains high-resolution images. On March 7 this year, the American “Perseverance” rover was photographed while imaging the “Jezero” crater, which is currently located about 200 meters southeast of its landing site.

Figure 5 The American “Perseverance” rover photographed by “Tianwen-1”

Source Cartography: National Astronomical Observatory -Author: Geng Yan Chen Gang

Images and visuals are from CNSA- China National Space Administration also from there respectives- CLEP –China Lunar Exploration Project..

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #國家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #February2022 | #火星 # 天問 #天问一号#TianwenOne #MarsMission #Marslander #MarsRover #Tianwen1 probe  #祝融号 #ZhuRong Tianwen1 #ChineseNewYear2022 with  #MarsPhotography Tianwen-1 probe #YearoftheTiger  congratulates the grand opening of the #BeijingWinterOlympics#Beijing2022 from Mars

kevinjamesngLeave a comment

On the months of January 2022 1st January 2022 on New Years Day  天问一号飞運騎遊達达3亿CNSA – China National Space Administration – ESA – European Space agency Belt and road initiative mars mission…first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen- Martian Probe One  sent back stunning images of the Half Earth Mass size of the Rustic Planet Mars in which show stunning Martian landscape with its iconic polar caps of either southern or northern .. with its timeless Stunning Mars Photography.

On 2022 New Year’s Day, China National Space Administration CLEP – China Lunar Exploration program  issued a set of beautiful images of the first Mars mission Heaven 1 spacecraft returned from distant Mars, report to the National People ‘Heaven One “peace, extended festival greetings .

On the eve on 31st January 2022 in which on the 1st February 2022 of the Chinese Lunar New year Spring Festival in the Year of the Tiger, the Tianwen-1 probe sent back a set of selfie videos from Mars orbit to extend New Year wishes to the people of the whole country- China – People’s Republic of China and the Chinese Communities . On the 29th of the twelfth lunar month last year (February 10, 2021), Tianwen-1 arrived on Mars and successfully implemented capture and braking. It became my country’s first artificial Mars satellite, and started a scientific exploration journey to the red planet. a lunar year.

rews are installing mascots on the Mars lander
 

Also on the 4th February 2022 Sunday the Winter Olympics begin! A blessing “falls from the sky” across 320 million kilometers! Previously, the mascots of the Beijing Winter Olympics and the Winter Paralympics, Bing DunDun and Xue RongRong, landed on Mars on Tianwen-1, and took a group photo with the Zhurong Mars rover, which was a dream ..

Also that Day the Tianwen-1 probe, the five-star red flag and the emblems of the Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympic Games took a selfie in the same frame.

Crews are installing the emblem on the Mars orbiter


Beijing is the first city with both summer and winter Olympics, and Tianwen-1 is China’s first interplanetary exploration mission, sending the mascots and logos of the Winter Olympics and Paralympics to Mars. The Chinese expression is the Chinese nation’s advocacy and pursuit of faster, higher, stronger and more united.

This set of “cosmic-level” photos returned from Mars orbit was taken by the “selfie” camera carried by the Tianwen-1 probe. This group of photos is not only a “highest” Winter Olympics gift to friends on the ground, but also a highlight witness to the world’s shared Olympic moments!

As of February 4th 2022, Tianwen-1 has been in orbit for 561 days, and the Zhurong rover has worked for 259 Martian days, traveling a total of 1,537 meters. Both the orbiter and the rover are in good condition and operating normally. 

Images and visuals are from CNSA- China National Space Administration also from there respectives- CLEP –China Lunar Exploration Project..

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #國家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #December2021 |#火星 # 天問 #天问一号#TianwenOne #MarsMission #Marslander #MarsRover #Tianwen1 probe  #祝融号 #ZhuRong Tianwen No.1 probe #RedPlanet #Mars The China-Europe Mars Rover successfully carried out an on-orbit relay communication test …..

kevinjamesngLeave a comment

On the months of November 2021  天问一号飞運騎遊達达3亿CNSA – China National Space Administration – ESA – European Space agency Belt and road initiative mars mission…first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen- Martian Probe One …….祝融号Zhu Rong”  , China’s “Tianwen One” in cooperation with the European Space Agency “Mars Express” mission team, launched the “Vulcan No.” rover and “Mars Express” orbiter orbit relay communications test and achieved a complete success. Before the test, the respective detectors in both directions must be instructed to make preparations for the test. At the appointed time, the “Zhurong” will send the test data to the “Mars Express”, the communication distance is about 4000 kilometers, and the communication time is 10 minutes. The “Mars Express” receives the data and forwards it to the deep space monitoring and control station of ESA. After receiving the data, the monitoring and control station sends it to the European Space Operations Center (ESOC). The ESOC is then forwarded to the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center. After interpretation by the Chinese technical team, Interpret the correctness of the data. The test process is shown in the figure.

Constrained by weight and size, the Mars rover has weak direct-to-ground communication capabilities and cannot meet the demand for large amounts of data transmission. Therefore, the data needs to be sent to the Mars orbiter that is closer, and the orbiter with stronger communication capability is forwarded to the ground receiving system. , This process is called relay communication.

Under normal circumstances, before establishing relay communication, the orbiter will first send an “initiate” signal to the rover, and then the rover will reply with an “confirmation” signal, and then the two parties will establish a stable two-way relay communication link, just like a friend calling The phone needs to be dialled first. Since the launch frequency of the “Mars Express” does not match the receiving frequency of the “Zhurong”, the communication link cannot be established by “dialling a phone”. The transmission frequency of “Zhurong” matches the receiving frequency of “Mars Express”. Therefore, both parties need to agree on a communication time in advance. The “Zhurong” sends data directly and “Mars Express” performs “blind reception”, which is a bit similar to the communication method of WeChat. . The “Mars Express” orbiter has a “blind harvest” function, but there has been no chance to actually use this function for more than a decade.

ESA stated that this test is a good opportunity for the “Mars Express” to verify the “blind harvest” model in orbit. According to the results of data interpretation and analysis, the mission teams of both parties confirmed that the interfaces of the relay communication equipment configured on the “Zhurong” and the “Mars Express” match conform to international standards, and the content of the transmitted data is complete and correct, and the test is a success. In the future, the two parties will further carry out scientific data relay communication cooperation on the basis of this phase of experimentation. The “Zhurong” rover currently works on the surface of Mars for 196 Mars days, has travelled 1,297 meters in total, and obtained about 10GB of raw scientific data for inspections and explorations. It has sufficient energy and is in good condition.

中欧火星探测器成功开展在轨中继通信试验​

2021年11月，我国“天问一号”与欧空局“火星快车”任务团队合作，开展了“祝融号”火星车与“火星快车”轨道器在轨中继通信试验，取得圆满成功。试验前，双方向各自探测器上行指令做好试验准备。在约定时刻，由“祝融号”向“火星快车”发送测试数据，通信距离约4000千米，通信时长10分钟。“火星快车”接收数据后转发给欧空局所属深空测控站，测控站接收后发送给欧洲空间操作中心（ESOC），ESOC再转发至北京航天飞行控制中心，由中方技术团队解译后，判读数据的正确性。试验过程如图所示。

受重量和体积约束，火星车直接对地通信能力较弱，无法满足大量数据传输需求，因此需要将数据发送给距离较近的火星轨道器，由通信能力更强的轨道器转发给地面接收系统，这个过程称作中继通信。

一般情况下，在建立中继通信前，轨道器会先向火星车发送一个“发起”信号，随后火星车回复“确认”信号，然后双方建立稳定的双向中继通信链路，就像朋友打电话需先拨通电话一样。由于“火星快车”发射频率与“祝融号”接收频率不匹配，不能通过“拨通电话”的方式建立通信链路。“祝融号”发射频率与“火星快车”接收频率匹配，因此双方需要事先约定好通信时间，由“祝融号”直接发送数据，“火星快车”进行“盲收”，有点类似于微信的通信方式。“火星快车”轨道器具备“盲收”功能，但在过去十多年里一直没有机会实际使用该功能。

欧空局表示，此次试验是“火星快车”在轨验证“盲收”模式的很好机会。根据数据判读分析结果，双方任务团队确认“祝融号”和“火星快车”配置的中继通信设备接口匹配，符合国际标准，传输数据内容完整正确，试验取得成功。后续，双方将在本阶段试验的基础上，进一步开展科学数据中继通信合作。“祝融号”火星车目前在火星表面工作196个火星日，累计行驶1297米，获取巡视探测原始科学数据约10GB，能源充足、状态良好。


作者：耿言 陈刚