CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #國家航天局 |#BRI  #August2023 | #火星 # 天問 #天问一号#TianwenOne #MarsMission #Tianwen1 probe  #祝融号 #ZhuRong stunning Martian landscape new stunning photography during the year 2022  before Hibernation  #AGallery

天问一号飞運騎遊達达3亿CNSA – China National Space Administration – ESA – European Space agency Belt and road initiative mars mission…first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen- Martian Probe OneAs of September 15, 2022, the Tianwen-1 orbiter has been in orbit for more than 780 days, and the rover has travelled a total of 1,921 meters, completed the established scientific exploration tasks, and obtained 1,480 GB of original scientific exploration data. The scientific research team has obtained rich scientific results through the research on the first-hand scientific data obtained independently by my country. Through a comprehensive study of typical landforms such as concave cones, barrier craters, and trenches distributed in the landing area, the important connection between the formation of the above-mentioned landforms and water activities has been revealed.

朱融号 The photos taken by the Mars rover before hibernation for one month (April 2022), maybe this is the posthumous work….

Currently as to date of the Zhurong Mars Rover is currently at sleep safe mode due to the Martian Sandstorms….. The location of Zhurong taken by the Tianwen-1 orbiter after it hibernated in Zhurong last year. The rut marks left by Zhurong after traveling 1921 meters are clearly visible….. The local dust on Mars captured by the Tianwen-1 orbiter is much layered. This photo was taken by the medium-resolution camera of the Tianwen-1 orbiter on January 6, 2022, and Zhurong went into a dormant state more than three months after this time point. 

Last year, he appeared in the documentary “Hello! The photo of Arsia Mons in the opening title of “Mars” was synthesized from multiple photos taken by the medium-resolution camera of the Tianwen-1 orbiter on February 7, 2022.

On the basis of the previously released version, a post- processing….

The south pole of Mars taken by the medium-resolution camera of the Tianwen-1 orbiter is stitched together from three images.
Image processing: SegerYu/CAS/NAOC/GRAS​​​​

A photo of the northwest corner of the Tempe Terra in the northern hemisphere of Mars. The coordinates are about 82° west longitude and 45° north latitude. It was taken by the Tianwen-1 medium-resolution camera on February 14, 2022, at 50% of the original size.

Original data source: China Planetary Exploration Engineering Ground Application System​​​​

The medium-resolution camera of Tianwen-1 were basically unprocessed. However, after trying to do post-production recently, it is still really fragrant, and I can get a lot of good pictures that feel completely different. For example, after processing the wind-eroded landform photos on the surface of Mars at 65.4° east longitude and 5.1° north latitude previously posted, Figure 1 is obtained . After comparing with the previous version (text of Weibo) (Figure 2), we can see that the overall effect is very high . A level of original data source: China Planetary Exploration Engineering Ground Application System….

Orson Welles crater (Orson Welles) near the equator, located in the Western Hemisphere Coprates quadrangle (MC-18), on the north side of the east end of Sailors Valley. The researchers believe that the pit was covered by sediment long ago, and that the collapse of an underground aquifer created a complex chaotic topography in the pit, releasing flash floods that formed vast lakes in the pit. The northeast side of the crater was damaged by multiple current events, and the flood water overflowed the rim of the crater, forming the downstream Shalbatana Vallis (Shalbatana Vallis).
This is a key to the turbulent past of Mars…
This picture is made by mosaicing 4 of the 26 Orbiter Medium Resolution Camera (MoRIC) images obtained by searching for the Sharbatana Canyon as the area of ​​interest. Taken on February 22, 2022-detection cycle 914, using OpenCV, SKImage, Lr for processing. [CAS/GRAS, CNSA/PEC; export production:

Aram Chaos (left side) and Ares Canyon part (Ares Vallis, center right), in the Oxia Palus, MC-11, on the northeast side of Valles Mariners. The former is a circular chaotic terrain with a width of about 280 km, which is considered to be an impact crater highly eroded by water flow; the latter is an obvious overflow channel, which was landed by the Mars Pathfinder mission MESUR Pathfinder in 1997 The Sojourner rover landed here.
This picture is made by searching a medium-resolution camera (MoRIC) image in an area with (2.6N, 21.5W) as the center and a search radius of 160 km. It was taken on February 9, 2022- Detection period 872, processed by OpenCV, SKImage, Lr. [CAS/GRAS, CNSA/PEC; export production

Gale Crater (the largest one in the picture above) and its surroundings taken by the medium-resolution camera of the Tianwen-1 Mars orbiter on March 3, 2022. Gale Crater is the place where the Curiosity rover landed on August 6, 2012. It has been nearly ten years since Curiosity landed when this photo was taken, and the Curiosity rover is still working tirelessly in Gale Crater Exploring, climbing Aeolis Mons (also known as Mount Sharp) located in the center of the pit from the northwest.

Several unnamed impact craters and some wind-eroded landforms near 7°N, 138.7°W of Mars were taken by the medium-resolution camera of the Tianwen-1 Mars orbiter on March 11, 2022, at 50% of the original size. Original data source: China Planetary Exploration Engineering Ground Application System

“Part of the Sacra Sulci at 18°N, 74.53°W on Mars, taken on March 6, 2022 by the Tianwen-1 Mars orbiter medium resolution camera, 50% of the original size. The several drop-shaped sand dunes in the picture look very interesting. Source of original data: China Planetary Exploration Engineering Ground Application System”

The mid-section of the Valles Marineris at around 70°W, taken by the medium-resolution camera of the Tianwen-1 Mars orbiter on February 8, 2022, is 50% of the original size and processed with contrast enhancement.

The area in the picture is mainly composed of four canyons: the smaller one in the upper left is Ophir Chasma, the one in the middle of the picture to the south is Candor Chasma, and the larger one in the lower left. The area is Melas Chasma (Melas Chasma), and the bottom right stretches all the way to the southeast is Coprates Chasma (Coprates Chasma).

Source of original data: China Planetary Exploration Engineering Ground Application System

The Martian dust storm taken by the medium-resolution camera of the Tianwen-1 Mars orbiter on February 3, 2022, 50% of the original size, processed with contrast enhancement. The center of the picture is about 3°W, 56°N, about 360 kilometers wide from east to west, and about 560 kilometers long from north to south, with a total area of ​​about 200,000 square kilometers, which is larger than the area of ​​most provincial-level administrative regions in eastern China. Original data source: China Planetary Exploration Engineering Ground Application System

The Phlegethon Catena (the one in the northeast-southwest direction) is located in the east of Alba Mons on Mars, at about 38°N, 103.5°W, as determined by the Tianwen-1 Mars Orbiter Rate camera taken on February 1, 2022.

Original data source: China Planetary Exploration Engineering Ground Application System​​​​

天文一号Curie Crater (the larger one in the middle and lower part) located at 28.78°N, 4.6°W on Mars and several unnamed craters around it were captured by the medium-resolution camera of the Tianwen-1 Mars Orbiter in 2022 Filmed on February 3.

Original data source: China Planetary Exploration Engineering Ground Application System

The Barabashov Crater (the largest one in the middle) is located at 47.3°N, 68.8°W on Mars. The upper right corner is the Perepelkin Crater, as shown by the Tianwen-1 spacecraft. Image taken by the Mars Orbiter Medium Resolution Camera on February 8, 2022, 50% original size.

Original data source: China Planetary Exploration Engineering Ground Application System

The Claritas Fossae group (Claritas Fossae) near 28.5°S and 103°W on Mars is full of rugged landforms and impact craters of different sizes. A long cliff extending from the upper left to the lower right is Claritas Fossae. Claritas Rupes. The photo was taken by the Tianwen-1 Mars Orbiter Medium Resolution Camera on March 18, 2022, 50% of the original size.

Original data source: China Planetary Exploration Engineering Ground Application System

The picture shows several impact craters in the Coracis Fossae group (Coracis Fossae) in the southern hemisphere of Mars, located at 33°S 78°W. The photo was taken by the Tianwen-1 Mars Orbiter Medium Resolution Camera on June 30, 2022, 50% of the original size.

Mount Askra, the second highest mountain on Mars, captured by the medium-resolution camera of the Tianwen-1 orbiter on February 1, 2022.

Data: CAS/NAOC/GRAS

Original data source: China Planetary Exploration Engineering Ground Application System​​​

Images and visuals are from their respectives  CNSA China National Space AdministrationCLEP China Lunar Exploration Program.

CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #國家航天局 |#BRI  #June2023 | #火星 # 天問 #天问一号#TianwenOne #MarsMission #Tianwen1 probe  #祝融号 stunning Martian landscape new stunning Mars Orbitally  Selected photography during the year #December2021 #AGallery   ——-

 天问一号飞運騎遊達达3亿CNSA – China National Space Administration – ESA – European Space agency Belt and road initiative mars mission…first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen- Martian Probe One As of September 15, 2022, the Tianwen-1 orbiter has been in orbit for more than 780 days, and the rover has travelled a total of 1,921 meters, completed the established scientific exploration tasks, and obtained 1,480 GB of original scientific exploration data. The scientific research team has obtained rich scientific results through the research on the first-hand scientific data obtained independently by my country. Through a comprehensive study of typical landforms such as concave cones, barrier craters, and trenches distributed in the landing area, the important connection between the formation of the above-mentioned landforms and water activities has been revealed.

Currently as to date of the Zhurong Mars Rover is currently at sleep safe mode due to the Martian Sandstorms….. the location of Zhurong taken by the Tianwen-1 orbiter after it hibernated in Zhurong last year. The rut marks left by Zhurong after traveling 1921 meters are clearly visible….. The local dust on Mars captured by the Tianwen-1 orbiter is very layered. This photo was taken by the medium-resolution camera of the Tianwen-1 orbiter on January 6, 2022, and Zhurong went into a dormant state more than three months after this time point. 

On the week of 6th June 2023 there have been new images release of the CNSA –CLEP Mars The Lunar and Planetary Data Publishing System released a new batch of Tianwen-1 data today, including a large number of Martian surface photos taken by the obiter’s medium-resolution camera! The total number is estimated to be hundreds to thousands!  But here are some stunning incredible randomly selected a few pictures is beautiful in which has been process during the Month of December 2021 at the time when before the Martian Sandstorm!

Some of the images taken by the Zhurong rover in December 2021 come from the latest data released by the China Planetary Exploration Engineering Ground Application System.


The famous Olympus Mons (Olympus Mons), a giant shield volcano on the northwest side of Mars Tharsis (Tharsis). This image is stitched together from 6 MoRIC images selected from the December 2021-detection cycle 00734 data released today, and processed using OpenCV, SKImage, and Lr. [CAS/GRAS, CNSA/PEC; export production

Selected from the December 2021 data set of the medium-resolution camera of the Tianwen-1 orbiter, source: China Planetary Exploration Engineering Ground Application System​​​​….

On August 15, 2021, the “Zhurong” rover successfully completed the 90 Martian scientific exploration missions, and continued to carry out extended exploration missions. It has traveled 1,921.5 meters on the surface of Mars. Affected by the severe winter cold and dusty weather in the landing area, the rover will enter the winter dormancy mode on May 18, 2022 as designed. Around December 2022, the “Zhurong” landing area will enter the early spring season. will resume normal work.

The orbiter has circled Mars 1,344 times, achieving global coverage and is currently in normal condition. In the follow-up, it will continue to carry out global remote sensing detection, and choose an opportunity to carry out expansion technology experiments to carry out preliminary technical verification for related tasks.

After nearly two years of flight and exploration for the Tianwen-1 mission, the 13 scientific payloads deployed by the rover and orbiter have obtained a total of about 1040GB of raw scientific data. After receiving and processing on the ground, the standard scientific data products formed are submitted to the rover on a monthly basis. A team of scientists has conducted analysis and interpretation, and relevant scientific results have been published in well-known academic journals at home and abroad. These scientific data will be open to scientists around the world at an appropriate time. Scientists around the world are welcome to actively apply for research and jointly promote the cause of human exploration of the universe.

At present, the Tianwen-1 orbiter continues to carry out scientific exploration in the orbit of the remote sensing mission, continues to accumulate first-hand scientific data, and makes China’s contribution to mankind’s in-depth understanding of Mars.
 ​​​​

Images and visuals are from CNSA China National Space AdministrationCLEP China Lunar Exploration Program.

#AlreadyTomorrowInHongKong #香港| #香港太空館 #HongKongSpaceMuseum #March2023|#HKSpMActivity The #月掩金星 #LunarOccultation #Astronomy event of #金星 #Venus on 24th March 2023…..

Hong Kong SAR, China, People’s Republic of China will usher in an astronomical phenomenon of “moon occultation of Venus” on March 24, 2023. Since the orbital plane of the moon is very close to the orbital planes of the planets, if the moon covers the planets in the sky, it is called a “lunar occultation planet”. In addition, Venus is the celestial body in the solar system that is second only to the sun and the moon in brightness, so “lunar occultation of Venus” is relatively easy to observe and has attracted a lot of attention from astronomy observers.

The “moon occultation of Venus” will start at 7:47 pm and end at 8:53 pm, lasting about one hour and six minutes. At the time of “occlusion”, the moon is located in the northwest about 18 degrees above the horizon. Since both are quite bright, they can be observed directly with the naked eye, and binoculars or astronomical telescopes will have a clearer observation effect. At the time of “occlusion”, the moon will move to a position only 3.8 degrees above the horizon, and observers need to go to a place with almost no obstruction in the northwest to observe it.

A lunar occultation of Venus will occur in Hong Kong at night on March 24 (Friday). The Moon will move between the Earth and Venus at that time. We will not be able to observe Venus as it will be blocked by the Moon temporarily at that time.

The coming “Lunar Occultation of Venus” will begin at 7:47 pm and end at 8:53 pm, which will last for about one hour and six minutes. Since the Moon and Venus are quite bright, they can be observed directly with the naked eye. Both objects will appear close to the horizon, observers need to find a place with an almost completely unobstructed view towards the northwestern horizon.

Since Venus always appears close to the Sun, the lunar occultation of Venus mostly happen in day time. The next lunar occultation of Venus observable in Hong Kong during night time will be on May 31, 2063.

Lunar Occultation of Venus Timeline- Hong Kong SAR- Beijing Time

eventtimeheight (degrees)Azimuth (degrees)
incision19:47:0718279
cut in19:47:3717.9279
Minimum angular distance between the moon and Venus20:20:5310.6282
incision20:53:033.8285
excision20:53:303.7285

The above predictions are based on the Hong Kong Space Museum in Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong as the reference point, and the occultation time may vary by tens of seconds in different places in Hong Kong.

The occultation begins near the east side of the Moon and ends near the west side. In fact, the visual motion of the Moon is much faster than that of Venus, but observations can also track the Moon to show the relative motion of Venus. Since Venus is located near the sun for a long time, lunar occultation of Venus generally occurs during the day. The next lunar occultation of Venus in the Hong Kong evening will be May 31, 2063.

Speaker: Mr. CHIU Kam-hung (Assistant Curator of the Hong Kong Space Museum)

Date: 24.3.2023 (Friday) Time: 7:30 – 9:00 pm Language: Cantonese


本次天象資料 Information of the astronomical event

掩始外切 First contact: 19:47

掩始內切 Second contact: 19:47

月球、金星最小角距 Moon-Venus appulse: 20:20

掩終內切 Third contact: 20:53

掩終外切 Fourth contact: 20:53

香港於2023年3月24日的傍晚時份將會上演「月掩金星」,屆時月球會運行到地球和金星之間,並將金星短暫遮掩,令我們無法看到金星。

今次的「月掩金星」發生在晚上7時47分,結束時間為8時53分,歷時約一小時六分鐘。由於月球和金星都是天上最為明亮的天體,可以用肉眼直接觀賞,但兩者將較為接近地平線,觀測者需要到西北面幾乎亳無遮擋的地方才能觀測得到。

由於金星長期位處於太陽附近,故「月掩金星」普遍發生在日間,下一次可在香港晚間觀測月掩金星將會是2063年5月31日。

講者:趙錦鴻先生(香港太空館助理館長)

日期:2023年3月24日(星期五)

時間:晚上7:30–9:00

語言:粵語

Located in the Heart of Hong Kong central of Victoria Harbour in which locate looking at the iconic Megatroplis HongKong Island city landscape from the opposite is the Hong Kong Space Museum  香港太空館 in which located at 10 Salisbury Road, Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China –People’s Republic of China..  in which is one of the most international iconic buildings architecturally due to its hemispheric round dome in which is iconic known as one of Hong Kong’s local most cherish bread pastries the Pineapple Bun – Bolo Bao due to the pineapple ceramic texturing tiles of the dome structure that resembles the delicious texturing of the Pineapple Bun .. In which on In June 2014, the Hong Kong Government listed the pineapple bun as a part of Hong Kong’s intangible cultural heritage. … Despite the name, it does not traditionally contain pineapple; rather, the name refers to the look of the characteristic topping (which resembles the texture of a pineapple)……

Images and visuals are from the Hong Kong Space Museum -香港太空館 Hong Kong Space Museum –- 10 Salisbury Road, Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR- China- People’s Republic of China …..

CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #國家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #June2022 | #火星 # 天問 #天问一号#TianwenOne #MarsMission #Tianwen1 probe  #祝融号 #ZhuRong #Tianwen1 completes the established scientific exploration mission…

Tianwen-1 completes the established scientific exploration mission

天问一号飞運騎遊達达3亿CNSA – China National Space Administration – ESA – European Space agency Belt and road initiative mars mission…first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen- Martian Probe One ​​​As of June 29, 2022, the Tianwen-1 mission orbiter has been flying normally for 706 days, and has acquired medium-resolution image data covering the entire world of Mars. All scientific payloads have achieved global exploration of Mars. Both the Tianwen-1 mission orbiter and the Mars rover have completed the established scientific exploration missions.

The Tianwen-1 mission was approved by the Party Central Committee in January 2016, and was successfully launched on July 23, 2020. After a deep space flight of 475 million kilometers for 202 days, the probe will rendezvous with Mars on February 10, 2021, and successfully implemented the capture and braking to enter the orbit around Mars. After 3 months of detailed inspection of the pre-selected landing area, the Mars landing was successfully carried out on May 15, 2021. On May 22, the “Zhurong” rover successfully landed on the surface of Mars and began to patrol and explore.

On August 15, 2021, the “Zhurong” rover successfully completed the 90 Martian scientific exploration missions, and continued to carry out extended exploration missions. It has traveled 1,921.5 meters on the surface of Mars. Affected by the severe winter cold and dusty weather in the landing area, the rover will enter the winter dormancy mode on May 18, 2022 as designed. Around December 2022, the “Zhurong” landing area will enter the early spring season. will resume normal work.

The orbiter has circled Mars 1,344 times, achieving global coverage and is currently in normal condition. In the follow-up, it will continue to carry out global remote sensing detection, and choose an opportunity to carry out expansion technology experiments to carry out preliminary technical verification for related tasks.

After nearly two years of flight and exploration for the Tianwen-1 mission, the 13 scientific payloads deployed by the rover and orbiter have obtained a total of about 1040GB of raw scientific data. After receiving and processing on the ground, the standard scientific data products formed are submitted to the rover on a monthly basis. A team of scientists has conducted analysis and interpretation, and relevant scientific results have been published in well-known academic journals at home and abroad. These scientific data will be open to scientists around the world at an appropriate time. Scientists around the world are welcome to actively apply for research and jointly promote the cause of human exploration of the universe.

In the spirit of open and shared cooperation, the National Space Administration actively promotes cooperation with the space agencies and scientific communities of various countries, and shares the orbital data of its Mars orbiter with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA) to carry out collision warning. Cooperation; the “Zhurong” Mars rover and the European Space Agency’s “Mars Express” orbiter carry out data relay communication experiments to realize China-Europe Mars scientific data relay cooperation; Observatory stations in other countries use the Tianwen-1 orbiter and the “Mars Express” orbiter to jointly carry out occultation observations of the sun and conduct scientific research such as solar wind. These cooperation have achieved good results, enriched human knowledge, and made positive contributions to the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind in the scientific field.
 

Below is a recent image of Mars taken by Tianwen-1. 

Figure 1 The image of Mount Askela taken by the center camera, with a diameter of 456 kilometers and a height of 18 kilometers , shows the characteristics of the crater on the top of Mount Askela, and there are multiple crater collapse events.
Figure 2 An image of the Antarctic ice sheet taken by the center camera. The image shows the polar cap of the Martian South Pole. The study believes that the long-term and permanent polar cap of the Martian poles is mainly composed of dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) and water ice.

Figure 3 The central point camera captures the western landform image of the Sailor Grand Canyon. The Sailor Grand Canyon extends over 4,000 kilometers from east to west, 150 kilometers to 700 kilometers from north to south , and the deepest can reach 7 kilometers .
Figure 4. The image of the Arabian Highlands impact crater taken by the camera in the middle point. The image shows the geomorphological features of dozens of impact craters distributed in the area.

Figure 5 The image of the edge of the Mond ring crater captured by a high-resolution camera with a spatial resolution of about 0.5 meters and a diameter of about 91 kilometers . The image shows the geomorphological features of the edge of the Mond ring crater. The lower left part of the picture is the inside of the ring crater. The edge of the pit can be seen clearly collapsing into the pit.
Figure 6 The image of the inspection area taken by Zhurong. The image was taken before the rover entered the winter dormancy state, showing the local characteristics of a dune landform in the inspection area.

Images and visuals are from CNSA- China National Space Administration also from there respectives- CLEP –China Lunar Exploration Project..

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #國家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #May2022 | #火星 # 天問 #天问一号#TianwenOne #MarsMission #Marslander #MarsRover probe  #祝融号 #ZhuRong finds signs of recent water activity on the planet Mars……

On the months of March 2022  the week of 13th May 2022   天问一号飞運騎遊達达3亿CNSA – China National Space Administration – ESA – European Space agency Belt and road initiative mars mission…first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen- Martian Probe One  and the cute Mars Rover have reportingly to everyone, have a new discovery acquired recently : According to the obtained short-wave infrared spectrum and navigation and terrain camera data, a rocky plate-shaped hard shell was found in the landing area. By analysing the spectral data, it was found that these plate-like crusts similar to sedimentary rocks are rich in minerals such as hydrous sulfate. The research team of scientists deduced that these sulfate-rich crusts may have been formed by lithification after groundwater overflow or capillary evaporation and crystallization of salt minerals cemented the Martian soil. For the first time, water-bearing minerals were detected in situ on Mars using the short-wave infrared spectrometer on the rover…..

The findings suggest that water activity on Mars may have been more active during the Amazonian period than previously thought. My landing zone utopia Planitia and the broad area of ​​the northern plains of Mars may contain large amounts of available water in the form of hydrous minerals for in situ resource utilization for future manned Mars exploration.


As of now, I have been in Utopia in the northern lowlands of Mars. After driving in the plain area for one year, the accumulated driving distance is nearly 2 kilometers, and a large amount of valuable scientific detection data has been obtained. Existing crater dating work shows that the landing zone is located in the Amazonian strata that have undergone late remodelling events, at the end of several major stages of Martian geological age (Pre-Noah, Noah, Occidental, and Amazonian), The climate has changed from warm and humid to cold and dry. Analysis of orbital remote sensing data shows that various geomorphological features distributed around the landing site (Fig. 1) indicate that there may have been a large amount of volatiles in the Utopian Plain. However, limited by the spatial resolution and coverage, orbital remote sensing data did not find water-bearing minerals near the landing area, which raised many questions about the formation mechanism of such landforms and the nature of water activity in the area.


Using short-wave infrared spectroscopy, the researchers detected water-bearing minerals in these bright-colored plate-like rocks that were not identified in the region by previous orbital data, presumed to be water-containing silica or water-containing sulfates (Figure 2). The research team believes that these bright-colored rocks are related to pirates. The broken rock observed in situ by the Mars 1 lander is similar in morphology, and is a layer of locally developed duricrust. However, the hard crust of the Viking 1 landing area is relatively brittle and thin, which may be formed by the long-term interaction of water vapor in the atmosphere and the soil on the surface of Mars. The hard crust of Zhurong’s landing site appears to be more resistant to erosion and forms a thick layer in the surrounding loose soil (Figure 3), which requires large amounts of liquid water, which cannot be formed by atmospheric water vapor alone. At the same time, the study found that there was no obvious surface runoff or traces left by the river in the landing area, and no fluffy surface and salt residues formed by the

(The above research results were published in the international authoritative academic journal Science Advances. The first author and corresponding author of the paper is Liu Yang, a researcher at the National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Link to the paper