中国空间站 On currently on 29th July 2022 2022, the Belt and Road Initiative CNSA –China National Space Administration on the currently developments of the latest progress of China’s Chang Zheng – LongMarch manned lunar landing carrier rockets Science and Technology Daily reporters learned from the First Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporationon July 28 2022 that the 702 Institute of the Academy recently successfully completed the multi-machine parallel static-motion joint test of my country’s new generation of manned launch vehicles. It strongly supported the smooth transition of the development of this type of rocket to the initial stage.
The key point is in picture 1 also pictured on the header. The pull rods carrying 350 tons and the thrust of 2800 tons are installed in the 8 columns. Obviously, this test is the core stage (refer to Figure 2), and the thrust of the entire rocket (including the two boosters) is to transmit from this.
This is the new ultra heavy large Chang Zheng –Long March domestically made Carrier rocket that I am most looking forward to, and it is the key model for realizing the dream of manned lunar moon landing…..
This test is an important test to verify the key technologies of multi-machine parallel connection and bottom-box force transmission of a new generation of manned launch vehicles. Wang Xiaohui, director of the 702 Institute, said that the successful completion of the test marks the first time that my country has broken through the large-load static-dynamic joint test technology. It is an important innovation in test methods and test capabilities. Solid foundation.
“This is the largest, most technically difficult, and most complicated test ever conducted in the field of mechanical testing in my country.” Zhu Xiquan, deputy chief designer of the 702 Institute, introduced that the test needs to break through the static thrust of multiple engines under actual flight conditions Combined loading with vibration load involves key test technologies such as vibration elastic boundary simulation, nearly 1,000-ton static load elastic loading, and multi-machine combined multi-dimensional vibration control and loading under large static load.
The new-generation manned launch vehicle base stage module has a diameter of 5 meters and is equipped with multiple 120-ton engines. Zhu Xiquan said that the high-thrust engine multi-machine parallel technology is the first time that my country’s launch vehicle has adopted it, which brings about the coupling effect of static and dynamic forces of complex structures and the nonlinear transmission problem under the action of combined loads. One of the key technologies to deepen research. In order to analyze and solve this problem and verify the effectiveness of the design scheme, the technical team designed and implemented the first multi-machine parallel static and dynamic joint test in my country.
Since 2019, the 702 Institute has demonstrated and determined the experimental technical plan with relevant units. According to the plan, the team successively broke through the key technologies required for the test, and this year developed a static and dynamic load consisting of 28 sets of 50-ton oil and gas support systems, multiple sets of 20-ton induction shaking tables and a set of 1,000-ton vibration elastic boundary systems. Combined loading test system…
On 15th May 2022 Hong Kong SAR – Beijing time at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center- Inner Mongolia-China – People’s Republic of China, Interstellar Glory Hyperbola-2 verification rocket successfully completed the joint training mission of the whole eco system Onwardly that month of May 15th , 2022, Beijing Interstellar Glory Space Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Interstellar Glory”) successfully completed the double The full-process joint training of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen for the Curve 2 verification rocket marks a critical step for Interstellar Glory to the successful development of a reusable launch vehicle.
With the help and support of leaders at all levels of the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, the Hyperbola-2 verification rocket test team organized and carried out refueling preparations, power-up tests, liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen refueling, pre-cooling drills, emergency Works such as venting drills, simulated launch, and recovery processing have been completed, and the full-process operation exercise of refueling, launching, and landing recovery of the Hyperbola-2 verification rocket has been completed. Coordination, work adaptability of related products on the rocket and the ground in low temperature environment, the matching of the function of the filling gas supply system with the rocket, the correctness and integrity of the technical documents and operating procedures used in the test, and the completion of the refueling process. The evaluation of various working hours in the process of note, launch, and landing recovery has accumulated valuable test data and laid a solid foundation for the vertical take-off and landing (VTVL) flight test of a dual-low temperature reusable rocket.
“Hyperbolic 2 Reusable Small Liquid Launch Vehicle” is the main product with international competitiveness independently developed by Interstellar Glory. Hyperbola No. 2 is a two-stage small liquid launch vehicle with a maximum diameter of 3.35 meters. The first and second stages are equipped with the “Focus No. 1” 15-ton reusable variable-thrust liquid oxygen methane engine independently developed by Interstellar Glory; The take-off mass of the Hyperbola-2 carrier rocket is 90 tons, and the carrying capacity of the 500-kilometer SSO orbit is 1.5 tons (no recovery in the first stage) / 1 ton (recovery in the first stage… )
Hyperbola II: Reusable small liquid launch vehicle, adopts a two-stage series configuration, the first and second stages adopt 15-ton reusable liquid oxygen methane liquid rocket engine Focus No. 1 (JD-1), one of which 9 units are installed and 1 unit is installed in the second level. The diameter of the first-class rocket body is 3.35 meters, and the diameter of the second-class rocket body is 2.25 meters. The total length of the rocket is about 28 meters, the take-off weight is about 90 tons, the maximum carrying capacity of low-Earth orbit is 1.9 tons, and the carrying capacity of 500km SSO orbit is 1.1 tons (non-recovery)/0.7 tons (first-stage recovery). The first stage of the rocket has a vertical landing recovery function, which can be reused more than 30 times.
Hyperbolic III series liquid launch vehicle: medium and large reusable liquid launch vehicle, including SQX-3 basic type, SQX-3A (two-core stage parallel connection), SQX-3B (three-core stage parallel connection) three configurations, carrying Capability can meet the needs of a variety of load tasks. In addition to meeting large-scale satellite networking, medium and large-scale satellite launch tasks, it also has the capabilities of space station cargo transportation and deep space exploration also for Space Plane for crew transportation
Images-visuals are from Weibo and their respectives..
On 24th April 2022, China- People’s Republic of China- CNSA –China National Space Administration throughout the China- People’s Republic of China in which on that Day it’s China National Space Day in which it is the sixth China National Space Day in which there’s promotional events across the whole nation.. in which this week there’s promotional release themes on the previously hard working campaigns in space collaboratively in which features many successfully accomplishments in between various sectors among with governmentally to commercially industrial innovative designs of space ..
Long March 9 is a Chinese super-heavy carrier rocket concept that is currently under development. It is the ninth iteration of the Chang Zheng Long March Series Carrier rocket family, named for the Chinese Red Army’s 1934–35 Long March campaign during the Chinese Civil War against the illegal KMT Republic of China government…. During the Space Day of China or中国天文日China Space Day 2022 celebrating there was massive celebrationally events across the China- People’s Republic of China. The newly advancement of the Chang Zheng – Long March Nine Ultra Heavy Carrier Rocket has undergone many design generationally evolutions in the final approach that is with a cluster of ten more engines in which the new design arrangement configuration which is thicker durable taller with that the Chang Zheng – Long March Nine Ultra Heavy Carrier Rocket can be Reusable- reused..
The Chang Zheng Long March 9 Ultra Heavy Carrier- Reusable Rocket has a new polished rod configuration, with a thickness of 11 meters and a height of 111 meters or more, adding 10 new engines….Long Lehao is the chief designer and general consultant of the launch vehicle series of the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the deputy chief designer of the lunar exploration project. On March 23, my country’s seventh “China Space Day”, Academician Long Lehao and a number of authoritative figures in the aerospace field were invited to the School of Astronautics of Beijing Institute of Technology. At the first report meeting, Academician Long Lehao gave a lecture on aerospace knowledge and communicated with teachers and students. During this period, he announced the latest design plan of the Long March 9, which quickly attracted widespread attention.
Many friends know that Academician Long announced a new configuration plan of the Chang Zheng Long March 9 when he visited the University of Hong Kong just last year. It is often called “21 version of Chang Zheng Long March 9 (2021 version)” on the Internet. The new version released this year is basically the same. Yu overthrew last year’s version, so what about this 22nd version (2022 version) Long March 9? Let’s take a look first.
The picture above is the PPT picture of the evolution of the configuration of the Long March 9 rocket announced by Academician Long Lehao during his visit to the University of Hong Kong in 2021. The far right is the 2021 version of the Long March 9.
The picture above shows the latest version of the Long March No. 9 PPT screen released by Academician Long Lehao at Beijing Institute of Technology on April 23 this year.
According to the composition and data of the 22nd version of Chang Zheng Long March 9, which appeared in Academician Long’s PPT presentation, this latest version of the Long March 9 continues the 21st version of the bare rod without booster configuration, but it is thicker and longer than the 21st version. Now, the core stage of the latter has a diameter of 10.6 meters, while the diameter of the 22 Chang Zheng Long March 9 has reached 11 meters, and both the first and second stage rockets are 11 meters in diameter, which is larger than the Saturn V used by the United States to land on the moon. (The diameter of the first stage is 10.1 meters) and it is nearly 1 meter thicker, which is also thicker than NASA’s SLS super-heavy rocket (the first stage of the rocket core stage is 8.4 meters in diameter) and Musk’s starship (9 meters in diameter). If it is successfully developed, it can be called the thickest rocket in history.
The picture above shows the size comparison of the three Long March 9 rockets and my country’s “Hainan” amphibious assault ship. The third from the left is the 2021 version of the Long March 9.
In terms of the diameter of the rocket, this is actually at least the third time that the Chang Zheng Long March 9 plan has become thicker. The design plan of the Long March 9 launched in 2011 has a diameter of 9.5 meters (another 4 boosters). It is 10.6 meters, and this year it has become 11 meters. It can be said that it is getting thicker and thicker.
However, the configuration of this rocket is not only thick, but also magical. When the second-stage rocket transitions to the third-stage rocket, it suddenly shrinks to a diameter of 7.5 meters, but when it reaches the fairing, it suddenly thickens to a diameter of 10 meters. The shape of the third stage to the fairing is like a waist gourd, which is very strange.
The height of the 22nd version of Chang Zheng Long March 9 has also changed, and it has become taller! The total length has reached 111 meters, which is comparable to the height of a 37-story building, 0.4 meters higher than Saturn 5, and 13 meters higher than NASA’s SLS rocket (98 meters in height for the manned version). It is 103 meters, and the height of the 2021 version of Chang Zheng Long March 9 is 108 meters, and now it has increased by 3 meters, and the height is constantly being refreshed.
The far right side of the picture above is the 2021 version of the Long March 9. It can be seen that it is much larger than the 2011 version of the three different configurations of the Long March 9 on the right. The new version of the Long March 9 released this year is larger than the 2021 version, it is conceivable How amazing its physique should be.
Not only is it thicker and longer (or taller), it also has more rocket launches. In the key equipment components, the biggest change in the new configuration of the Long March 9 is its engine. The 2011 version of the Long March 9 design plan is equipped with four YF-130 liquid oxygen kerosene engines for the core stage rocket (a single thrust of about 480 tons) ,), each of the 4 boosters is equipped with 2 YF-130 liquid oxygen kerosene engines, so that the total thrust of the first-stage rocket can reach about 5,800 tons; The core three-stage rocket is equipped with four 25-ton YF-79 hydrogen-oxygen engines.
In the 2021 version of the Chang Zheng Long March 9plan, 4 boosters were abandoned, and the bottom of the core-level polished rod rocket was replaced with 16 YF135 liquid oxygen kerosene engines (a single thrust of about 370 tons). This design is similar to the original version. The thrust is the same, but the boosterless configuration becomes simpler, the aerodynamic efficiency is better, the weight is also reduced by 15 tons, and the launch efficiency is also improved.
The engines of the 2021 version of Chang Zheng Long March 9 second- and third-stage rockets have also been replaced. The core two-stage rocket has been replaced by 2 YF-90 hydrogen-oxygen engines with a thrust of 220 tons to four 120HO hydrogen-oxygen engines with a thrust of 120 tons. The ratio increased by 40 tons, and the core three-stage rocket was replaced by a 120HO hydrogen-oxygen engine from four 25-ton YF-79 hydrogen-oxygen engines, and the thrust was increased by 20 tons.
After such an improvement, the take-off weight of the rocket has been reduced by dozens of tons, and the carrying capacity and carrying efficiency have also been improved. The capacity of the low-Earth orbit has increased from 140 tons in the 2011 version of the Chang Zheng Long March 9 plan to 150 tons, the capacity of the Earth-Moon transfer orbit has increased from 50 tons to 53 tons, and the capacity of the ground-fire transfer orbit has reached between 45 and 50 tons. Load factor and load efficiency.
But the most eye-catching change in the 2022 version of the Long March No. 9 plan is the engine. First, the number of engines has increased, and 26 200-ton liquid oxygen methane engines are used, and there is no model for this engine, so it should not be a project. The thrust of such a first-stage rocket is 5,200 tons, which is lower than the previous two versions, about 700 tons, but the carrying capacity has not been reduced. The transfer rail carrying capacity is 50 tons.
As for why a liquid oxygen methane engine is used, it is because methane has many advantages over kerosene and liquid hydrogen. First, the storage temperature of methane and liquid oxygen is not much different. Methane is minus 161 ℃, and liquid oxygen is At minus 183°C, set up a refrigeration device to separate two spaces, and set them at different temperatures to store them together. However, the storage temperature of liquid hydrogen is minus 253°C, which is quite different, while kerosene can be stored at room temperature. Therefore, in terms of refrigeration, it is more troublesome to place liquid oxygen together with kerosene or liquid hydrogen. If the insulation is not done well, liquid hydrogen will freeze liquid oxygen to solidify, and liquid oxygen will freeze kerosene to solidification. , it is necessary to add a lot of necessary things or equipment, which increases the weight of the rocket and reduces the launch efficiency ratio.
Nowadays, liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen engines are considered ideal, but in fact the density of liquid hydrogen is very low. The liquid hydrogen storage tank in the rocket is at least 5 times larger than the liquid oxygen storage tank. The huge storage tank also increases the weight of the rocket. The methane storage tank is similar in size to the liquid oxygen storage tank, so considering all aspects of data and characteristics, the liquid oxygen methane rocket is the best choice.
Moreover, this liquid oxygen methane engine is also the best choice for building a recyclable and reusable rocket. This is also the “Raptor” liquid oxygen methane engine that Musk must use to build the starship (the original thrust is 180 tons, and the upgraded version has a thrust of 250 tons) The reason for this, and the new version of the Long March 9 PPT picture released by Academician Long, the first design purpose of the program is “reusable” use, so this time the main focus is also the “reusable” function of Chang Zheng Long March 9.
The picture above shows the three “Raptor” liquid oxygen methane engines used on the starship.
Perhaps it is precisely because of the configuration of the liquid oxygen methane rocket and the various advantages of this engine that Academician Long Lehao updated last year’s design with the 2022 version of the Long March 9 plan announced this year. This liquid oxygen methane rocket is also a giant The most ideal choice for rockets, it can even be recycled and reused in the future, and if the design is in place, the thrust-to-weight ratio of this engine will be very ideal, which also allows the volume of the engine to be made very small, so the lower end of the first stage rocket can be used. Install a number of liquid oxygen methane engines.
The number of engines of our rocket is not fixed. There are 29 to 32 Raptor engines under the first stage of Musk’s starship, and a maximum of 37 engines can be installed, but its diameter is only 9 meters. If we can develop If there is a liquid oxygen methane engine with the same thrust-to-weight ratio as the “Raptor”, then the number of engines that can be installed under the first level of the 2022 Long March 9 is not only 26, so the 26 engines mentioned by Academician Long are likely to be the minimum basic The version, if it is opened, can even put 50 “Raptor” equivalent engines under the super rocket with a diameter of 11 meters, and the thrust can reach 10,000 tons. If it can achieve 1/3 of the thrust upgrade like the Raptor, the total thrust can even reach With a total thrust of 13,000 tons, the carrying capacity can be greatly increased by 1 to 3 times.
Of course, this is only an idea at present. my country’s Long March 9 super-heavy rocket was approved last year. The manufacturing plan is basically the 2011 version of Chang 9. The various components used have also been rolled off the assembly line. It is estimated that in the next few years The assembly will be completed one after another, and the first flight will take place before 2029 at the latest. It will be a major power in my country’s aerospace field in the new era.
The picture above shows the interstage ring of the Long March 9, which is under development, and has already begun to be manufactured.
The above picture shows the actual scale simulation of the Long March 5 rocket (small left) and the 2011 version of the Long March 9 rocket (large right).
But this does not mean that the new version of the Long March 9 will not be manufactured. What Long Lao proposed is an improved optimization plan. It is not only the digestion, absorption and re-innovation of the world’s advanced aerospace technology, but also represents the future development direction of my country’s aerospace industry. The two Chang 9 versions proposed by Long Lao in the past two years are both bare-rod and non-boosted configurations, indicating that this configuration of the Long March 9 giant rocket will become a new development direction, and maybe there will be better configurations in the future. , but at present, the 22nd version of Chang Zheng Long March 9 is the most advantageous configuration scheme…..
References:
“Guangming.com” article on April 24 “Aerospace lights up dreams, BIT launches “Space Moon” activity”
“The Paper” June 24, 2021 article “The Diary of Space Entering Hong Kong, the University of Hong Kong welcomes the 83-year-old Academician Long Lehao, and changes to the scene of chasing stars in seconds “
Images and visuals are from their respectives. 科技前沿技术信息 | 科普博览
On 5th or 6th October 2016 on a very clear dry blue weather skies “Blue Origin” has flight tested it escape module, in escaping that anomaly.. On West Texas Launch test site, as Arian Cornell and Phil Hahn provides the narratives on this morning on fifth flight on the New Shepard on the reusable booster, also this is the sixth flight on the Reusable New Shepherd command module…
The way how the New Shepard Command Module escape works when detected an Anomaly or sorts, in this test flight they expected to lose the booster in which the separation of the Command module has separated successfully in which the New Shepard Command module landed with braking chute then the primary chute to bake the fall also the retro rockets system kick in to cushion the impact safety also retrospect , apparent the booster has landed back on surface with it landing gears bracing for landing..
Like Mercury, Apollo, and Soyuz, New Shepard has an escape system that can quickly propel the crew capsule to safety if a problem is detected with the booster. Our escape system, however, pushes rather than pulls and is mounted underneath the capsule rather than on a tower. The escape motor vectors thrust to steer the capsule to the side, out of the booster’s path. The capsule then coasts, stabilized by reaction control thrusters, until it starts descending. Its three drogue parachutes deploy near the top of its flight path, followed shortly thereafter by main parachutes. On a nominal mission, the escape motor is not expended and can be flown again and again.
As safety of the crew also the payload is critical to any mission that regards in launching into space during the transition from launch pad into orbit… from that transition returning back to earth as well…… The “ Blue Origin-New Shepard” has for the escape system it’s very close similar to the previous configurations like of Mercury, Apollo, Soyuz and Gemini all have an escape tower carrier module to jettison among with the command module immediately away when there’s an anomaly detected that threatens the crew.. in with its tradition design.. As innovative as New Shepard that system is built constructed housed within centrally the below of mounted underneath…. As the Reusable Command Module detects an anomaly the explosive clamps is release that’s holding the Command module together from the main stage then it’s rockets out on path control by reaction control thrusters to a safety descending then deploying multiple of parachutes to slow down the level of acceleration of descending location with the reusable escape rocket engine ….
As safety of the crew also the payload is critical to any mission that regards in launching into space during the transition from launch pad into orbit… from that transition returning back to earth as well…… The “ Blue Origin-New Shepard” has for the escape system it’s very close similar to the previous configurations like of Mercury, Apollo, Soyuz and Gemini all have an escape tower carrier module to jettison among with the command module immediately away when there’s an anomaly detected that threatens the crew.. in with its tradition design.. As innovative as New Shepard that system is built constructed housed within centrally the below of mounted underneath…. As the Reusable Command Module detects an anomaly the explosive clamps is release that’s holding the Command module together from the main stage then it’s rockets out on path control by reaction control thrusters to a safety descending then deploying multiple of parachutes to slow down the level of acceleration of descending location with the reusable escape rocket engine ….
