Tag: Mars Utopia Planitia

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #國家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #December2021 |#火星 # 天問 #天问一号#TianwenOne #MarsMission #Marslander #MarsRover #Tianwen1 probe  #祝融号 #ZhuRong Tianwen1 # 張榮橋 #ZhangRongqiao, chief designer of China’s first Mars exploration mission, was selected as one of the ten greatest figures of the year in Nature….

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On the months of December 2021  天问一号飞運騎遊達达3亿CNSA – China National Space Administration – ESA – European Space agency Belt and road initiative mars mission…first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen- Martian Probe One …….祝融号Zhu Rong”  Zhang Rongqiao, chief designer of China’s first Mars exploration mission, was selected as one of the ten greatest figures of the year in Nature

At 0:00 on December 16th 2021 Thursday, Hong Kong SAR- Beijing time, the international authoritative scientific magazine “Nature” published the top ten figures of 2021, and Zhang Rongqiao, the chief designer of my country’s first Mars exploration mission, was selected. On May 15, 2021, China’s Mars rover “Tianwen One” successfully landed on the pre-selected landing zone on the surface of Mars. China became the second country in the world to successfully land on Mars and deploy a Mars rover. After the “Zhurong” Mars rover sent back telemetry signals, the flight control center in Beijing lit up a festive red screen, and the engineer excitedly shouted “Hello, Mars!” Zhang Rongqiao took off his glasses silently at this time, tears in his eyes.

The character of the year in “Nature” describes Zhang Rongqiao as “Mars explorer”. Mars is a space nightmare for many countries. So far, the overall success rate is only about 50%, and the success rate for landing missions is only a little over 40%. China’s first Mars exploration mission completed the three major goals of Mars orbiting, landing and patrolling. It is even more difficult and risky. Behind the steadily accomplishing the three goals is the effort to “grind a sword in ten years.” “In order to win today’s first battle, we started planning 10 years ago. We have worked hard for 6 years, held at the launch site for 110 days, and held at the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center for 202 days. The first victory was to orbit Mars. After that, I held on for another 93 days to this day. What is the purpose? It is for today’s final victory!” Zhang Rongqiao said excitedly at the flight control center on May 15th.

At a press conference held by the National Space Administration in Beijing on June 12, Zhang Rongqiao said, “Achieving a circumnavigation in one step means that the development is more difficult. To put it more plainly, the possibility of failure increases. For our developers, we can bear it. Zhang Rongqiao said. Fortunately, there is the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee, and there are government organizations at all levels, especially the powerful organization of the National Space Administration, including the Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the launch site and measurement and control The competent departments have vigorously coordinated, and the fire detection research and development personnel have worked hard and overcome difficulties. “To put it more bluntly, it is the fire-detector’s vigor. We succeeded today. Looking back, the choice of this technical route is very correct.” Zhang Rongqiao said that overall it is more cost-effective, especially in terms of technology. It can achieve leapfrog development and make my country enter the world’s advanced ranks in the field of planetary exploration in a relatively short period of time. “Therefore, we said that the first Mars exploration mission was based on China’s national conditions and embarked on a path of aerospace development with Chinese characteristics.”

In the future, China will implement deep space exploration missions such as Mars sampling and return missions, near-Earth asteroid sampling and return and main belt comet orbiting missions, Jupiter system orbiting and planetary crossing missions. “Looking up at the stars and keeping your feet on the ground” are two words that Zhang Rongqiao likes very much. He said: “This is precisely what society needs for each of us, and it is a way for us to settle down in society. We need to stand on the present and look to the future.” Zhang Rongqiao Said: “Our knowledge and understanding of the universe is still very superficial. We should see that the world beyond the cradle is infinitely vast. Innovation never ends.”

The Top Ten People of the Year in Nature are records of important scientific developments and events this year, as well as some of the key figures and their colleagues. The top ten figures were selected by the editors of Nature and gathered individuals who influenced some of the most important scientific events in 2021.

(The original website link https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-03621-0)

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #國家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #December2021 |#火星 # 天問 #天问一号#TianwenOne #MarsMission #Marslander #MarsRover #Tianwen1 probe  #祝融号 #ZhuRong Tianwen No.1 probe #RedPlanet #Mars The China-Europe Mars Rover successfully carried out an on-orbit relay communication test …..

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On the months of November 2021  天问一号飞運騎遊達达3亿CNSA – China National Space Administration – ESA – European Space agency Belt and road initiative mars mission…first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen- Martian Probe One …….祝融号Zhu Rong”  , China’s “Tianwen One” in cooperation with the European Space Agency “Mars Express” mission team, launched the “Vulcan No.” rover and “Mars Express” orbiter orbit relay communications test and achieved a complete success. Before the test, the respective detectors in both directions must be instructed to make preparations for the test. At the appointed time, the “Zhurong” will send the test data to the “Mars Express”, the communication distance is about 4000 kilometers, and the communication time is 10 minutes. The “Mars Express” receives the data and forwards it to the deep space monitoring and control station of ESA. After receiving the data, the monitoring and control station sends it to the European Space Operations Center (ESOC). The ESOC is then forwarded to the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center. After interpretation by the Chinese technical team, Interpret the correctness of the data. The test process is shown in the figure.

Constrained by weight and size, the Mars rover has weak direct-to-ground communication capabilities and cannot meet the demand for large amounts of data transmission. Therefore, the data needs to be sent to the Mars orbiter that is closer, and the orbiter with stronger communication capability is forwarded to the ground receiving system. , This process is called relay communication.

Under normal circumstances, before establishing relay communication, the orbiter will first send an “initiate” signal to the rover, and then the rover will reply with an “confirmation” signal, and then the two parties will establish a stable two-way relay communication link, just like a friend calling The phone needs to be dialled first. Since the launch frequency of the “Mars Express” does not match the receiving frequency of the “Zhurong”, the communication link cannot be established by “dialling a phone”. The transmission frequency of “Zhurong” matches the receiving frequency of “Mars Express”. Therefore, both parties need to agree on a communication time in advance. The “Zhurong” sends data directly and “Mars Express” performs “blind reception”, which is a bit similar to the communication method of WeChat. . The “Mars Express” orbiter has a “blind harvest” function, but there has been no chance to actually use this function for more than a decade.

ESA stated that this test is a good opportunity for the “Mars Express” to verify the “blind harvest” model in orbit. According to the results of data interpretation and analysis, the mission teams of both parties confirmed that the interfaces of the relay communication equipment configured on the “Zhurong” and the “Mars Express” match conform to international standards, and the content of the transmitted data is complete and correct, and the test is a success. In the future, the two parties will further carry out scientific data relay communication cooperation on the basis of this phase of experimentation. The “Zhurong” rover currently works on the surface of Mars for 196 Mars days, has travelled 1,297 meters in total, and obtained about 10GB of raw scientific data for inspections and explorations. It has sufficient energy and is in good condition.

中欧火星探测器成功开展在轨中继通信试验​

2021年11月，我国“天问一号”与欧空局“火星快车”任务团队合作，开展了“祝融号”火星车与“火星快车”轨道器在轨中继通信试验，取得圆满成功。试验前，双方向各自探测器上行指令做好试验准备。在约定时刻，由“祝融号”向“火星快车”发送测试数据，通信距离约4000千米，通信时长10分钟。“火星快车”接收数据后转发给欧空局所属深空测控站，测控站接收后发送给欧洲空间操作中心（ESOC），ESOC再转发至北京航天飞行控制中心，由中方技术团队解译后，判读数据的正确性。试验过程如图所示。

受重量和体积约束，火星车直接对地通信能力较弱，无法满足大量数据传输需求，因此需要将数据发送给距离较近的火星轨道器，由通信能力更强的轨道器转发给地面接收系统，这个过程称作中继通信。

一般情况下，在建立中继通信前，轨道器会先向火星车发送一个“发起”信号，随后火星车回复“确认”信号，然后双方建立稳定的双向中继通信链路，就像朋友打电话需先拨通电话一样。由于“火星快车”发射频率与“祝融号”接收频率不匹配，不能通过“拨通电话”的方式建立通信链路。“祝融号”发射频率与“火星快车”接收频率匹配，因此双方需要事先约定好通信时间，由“祝融号”直接发送数据，“火星快车”进行“盲收”，有点类似于微信的通信方式。“火星快车”轨道器具备“盲收”功能，但在过去十多年里一直没有机会实际使用该功能。

欧空局表示，此次试验是“火星快车”在轨验证“盲收”模式的很好机会。根据数据判读分析结果，双方任务团队确认“祝融号”和“火星快车”配置的中继通信设备接口匹配，符合国际标准，传输数据内容完整正确，试验取得成功。后续，双方将在本阶段试验的基础上，进一步开展科学数据中继通信合作。“祝融号”火星车目前在火星表面工作196个火星日，累计行驶1297米，获取巡视探测原始科学数据约10GB，能源充足、状态良好。


作者：耿言 陈刚

#AlreadyTomorrowInHongKong #香港| #香港太空館 #HongKongSpaceMuseum #November2021 | #CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #國家航天局 #ChinaMarsMission the Contributions of #HongKong Research Team on Mars Landing Surveillance Camera for #Tianwen1 Mission orbit on the #RedPlanet #Mars#天问一号探测器进入日凌阶段…

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Located in the Heart of Hong Kong central of Victoria Harbour in which locate looking at the iconic Megatroplis HongKong Island city landscape from the opposite is the Hong Kong Space Museum  香港太空館 in which located at 10 Salisbury Road, Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China –People’s Republic of China..  in which is one of the most international iconic buildings architecturally due to its hemispheric round dome in which is iconic known as one of Hong Kong’s local most cherish bread pastries the Pineapple Bun – Bolo Bao due to the pineapple ceramic texturing tiles of the dome structure that resembles the delicious texturing of the Pineapple Bun .. In which on In June 2014, the Hong Kong Government listed the pineapple bun as a part of Hong Kong’s intangible cultural heritage. … Despite the name, it does not traditionally contain pineapple; rather, the name refers to the look of the characteristic topping (which resembles the texture of a pineapple)……

On the 20th November 2021 Saturday – 1330 to 1530 Hong Kong SAR- Beijing Time  One of leading international Iconic Planetarium Space Museums  香港太空館 Hong Kong Space Museum   spoken in Chinese – Cantonese –Guangdong Dialect .. live streaming in one of its Auditorium in which Hong Kong SAR Space Program thorough outs it’s Universities collaborated in China- People’s Republic of China’s first most Challenging Mars Mission in which China’s CNSA –China National Space Administration  skill set far out weight NASA’s Mar Missions current and past.. . In One of Hong Kong SAR Universities, Hong Kong PloyU has contributed the Camera system of Tianwen One’s one of many Camera systems also it’s Mars lander, Zhurong Mars rover, and Mars Orbiter other elementally equiment system…. Speaker: Prof. Yung Kai-leung, BBS (Chair Professor & Associate Head, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University)

The Tianwen-1, China’s first Mars mission successfully landed on it in May, achieving another extraordinary feat in the recent Chinese Aerospace Industry. This first Mars exploration mission of China is unique that employed novel technology and engineering design and encounters exceptional challenges.

The Tianwen-1, China’s first Mars mission successfully landed on it in May, achieving another extraordinary feat in the recent Chinese Aerospace Industry. This first Mars exploration mission of China is unique that employed novel technology and engineering design and encounters exceptional challenges.

The Mars Landing Surveillance Camera (Mars Camera) is developed mainly by the research team of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. It is a sophisticated space instrument mounting on the top surface of the lander platform of Tianwen-1, which monitors the landing status, the surrounding environment of the red planet and the operation status of the Zhu Rong rover. The Mars Camera is light in weight, yet strong and durable enough to withstand the huge impact shocks of 6,200 times Earth’s gravity. Moreover, it has to operate under low Martian temperature as well as overcome extreme temperature differences it experienced during its flight. In this lecture, Professor Yung from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University will talk about the challenges of the Mars mission and delineate the contributions of the Hong Kong research team.

Images and visuals are from CNSA- China National Space Administration also from there respectives..

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #國家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #November2021 |#火星 # 天問 #天问一号#TianwenOne #MarsMission #Marslander #MarsRover #Tianwen1 probe  #祝融号 #ZhuRong Tianwen No.1 probe orbiter enters remote sensing mission orbit on the #RedPlanet #Mars#天问一号探测器进入日凌阶段…

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On the  8TH November 2021 Friday 天问一号飞運騎遊達达3亿CNSA – China National Space Administration – ESA – European Space agency Belt and road initiative mars mission…first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen- Martian Probe One …….祝融号Zhu Rong”  also have been exploration Roamingly1,253 meterson the Rustic half diameter planet size Red planet Mars… During that time Tianwen-1 orbiter enters remote sensing mission orbit…


November 8, 2021, “Heaven” successfully implemented around the fifth brake near the fire, into the exact orbit remote sensing mission, the Mars Global to carry out remote sensing. In the early stage, the “Zhurong” Mars rover has successfully completed the established inspection mission objectives, and is in good condition, and continues to carry out the detection mission. Considering the global remote sensing detection of the orbiter and the relay communication requirements of the Mars rover, the engineering development team optimized the orbit design and determined a remote sensing orbit plan with a near fire point of about 265 kilometers, a far fire point of about 10,700 kilometers, and a period of about 7.08 hours. While ensuring the development of orbiting scientific exploration, it will provide more relay communication support for the Mars rover to improve the efficiency of mission development.

n the remote sensing orbit, seven scientific payloads including mid-resolution cameras, high-resolution cameras, subsurface detection radars, mineral spectrum analyzers, magnetometers, ion and neutral particle analyzers, and energy particle analyzers will be acquired Scientific data such as fire star morphology and geological structure, surface material composition and soil type distribution, atmospheric ionosphere, Martian space environment, etc., focusing on typical landforms and geological units such as craters, volcanoes, canyons, and dry river beds, and implement high-resolution detection.

Up to now, the orbiter has been in orbit for 473 days, the ground fire distance is 384 million kilometers, and the light travel time is 21 minutes and 20 seconds; the rover has worked on the surface of Mars for 174 Mars days and travelled 1,253 meters in total. The two devices are in good condition. The working condition is normal. 

​2021年11月8日，“天问一号”环绕器成功实施第五次近火制动，准确进入遥感使命轨道，开展火星全球遥感探测。前期，“祝融号”火星车已圆满完成既定巡视探测任务目标，各项状态良好，继续开展探测任务。综合考虑环绕器全球遥感探测和火星车中继通信需求，工程研制团队优化了轨道设计，确定了近火点约265千米、远火点约1.07万千米、周期约7.08小时的遥感轨道方案，在保证开展环绕科学探测的同时，为火星车提供更多的中继通信支持，提升任务开展的效率…


在遥感轨道，环绕器中分辨率相机、高分辨率相机、次表层探测雷达、矿物光谱分析仪、磁强计、离子与中性粒子分析仪、能量粒子分析仪等7台科学载荷，将获取火星形貌与地质构造、表面物质成分与土壤类型分布、大气电离层、火星空间环境等科学数据，重点关注陨石坑、火山、峡谷、干涸河床等典型地貌和地质单元，实施高分辨率探测。

截至目前，环绕器在轨运行473天，地火距离3.84亿千米，光行时21分20秒；火星车在火星表面工作174个火星日，累计行驶1253米，两器状态良好，各系统工况正常。  

 

Images and visuals are from CNSA- China National Space Administration also from there respectives..

Author: Geng Yan Chen Gang

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #國家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #October2021 |#火星 # 天問 #天问一号#TianwenOne #MarsMission #Marslander #MarsRover #Tianwen1 probe  #祝融号 #ZhuRong Tianwen No.1 probe Exploration Exiting Sun Occultation stage on the #RedPlanet #Mars#天问一号探测器进入日凌阶段…

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On the  22nd  October 2021 Friday 天问一号飞運騎遊達达3亿CNSA – China National Space Administration – ESA – European Space agency Belt and road initiative mars mission…first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen- Martian Probe One …….”祝融号Zhu Rong”  previously on 30th August 2021 Mars Lander – Mars rover successfully exploring more than 1064 meters from its base lander camp.. Roamingly on the Rustic half diameter planet size Red planet Mars on Hong Kong SAR- Beijing Earth Wednesday time…  In which new mileage: “Zhu Rong” Mars Rover ….Sailing in the galaxy, strolling through the glamorous rustic environment in talking it’s adventure with Tianwen 1 Martian communications probe orbiting the Red Planet… in which “Zhurong” Mars rover completes scheduled exploration mission…

日凌结束，天问一号恢复科学探测Sun Ling ends, Tianwen No.1 resumes scientific exploration

In late September 2021, the Earth, Mars and the three sides to the sun almost in a straight line, a phenomenon known as Ling day. During this period, the communication between the Mars rover and the earth was disturbed by the sun’s electromagnetic radiation, which was unstable or even interrupted. During the transit period, the “Tianwen-1” orbiter and the “Zhurong” Mars rover entered autonomous operation mode and suspended scientific exploration work. In order to find out the actual impact of Riling, the engineering development team continued to carry out measurement and control link tracking tests, and for the first time obtained measured data on the interference of deep-space measurement and control communications under Riling, and accumulated first-hand data and engineering experience for subsequent tasks to deal with Riling.

​2021年9月下旬开始，地球、火星运行到太阳的两侧且三者近乎处于一条直线，这种现象称作日凌。在此期间，火星探测器与地球的通信受到太阳电磁辐射干扰，出现不稳定甚至中断。日凌期间，“天问一号”环绕器和“祝融号”火星车进入自主运行模式，暂停科学探测工作。为摸清日凌实际影响，工程研制团队持续开展测控链路跟踪测试，首次获取日凌状态下深空测控通信受干扰情况的实测数据，为后续任务应对日凌积累了一手数据和工程经验。

The astronomical phenomenon of occultation during the solar transit provides scientists with a rare opportunity to observe the solar transit occultation. The Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, the National Space Science Center and other units, together with the European VLBI Institute, the University of Tasmania in Australia and other institutions, used Wettzell and Yebes located in Shanghai, Kunming, Urumqi, and Europe. ), Medicina, Svetloe, Zelenchukskaya, Badary, Hobart, Keith, Russia The radio telescopes in Kath, Yarra, and Hartebeesthoek in South Africa carried out the same beam day for the “Tianwen-1” orbiter and the “Mars Express” orbiter (MEX). Ling observation. A total of about 5 terabytes of data have been obtained in this observation. At present, the parties are conducting joint research. By analyzing the influence of the electromagnetic wave signals transmitted by the two detectors back to the earth through the solar wind, the fluctuations in the interplanetary electron density caused by the intrinsic turbulence of the solar wind are studied. Scientific issues such as the relationship between solar wind micro-turbulence and macro-wind speed.

日凌期间出现掩星天文现象，为科学家提供了难得的日凌掩星观测机会。上海天文台、国家空间科学中心等单位，联合欧洲VLBI研究所、澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚大学等机构，利用分布在上海、昆明、乌鲁木齐，欧洲的韦特策尔（Wettzell）、耶韦斯（Yebes）、梅迪奇纳（Medicina），俄罗斯的斯韦特拉耶（Svetloe）、泽连楚克斯卡雅（Zelenchukskaya）、班达拉（Badary），澳大利亚的霍巴特（Hobart）、凯斯（Kath）、亚拉（Yarra）和南非的哈特比斯特胡克（Hartebeesthoek）等地的射电望远镜，对“天问一号”环绕器和“火星快车”轨道器（MEX）开展同波束日凌观测。本次观测共获取约5TB数据，目前各方正在开展联合研究，通过分析两个探测器传回地球的电磁波信号经过太阳风时受影响情况，研究太阳风内禀湍流引起的行星际电子密度涨落、太阳风微观湍流与宏观风速关系等科学问题。

A few days ago, the solar transit phenomenon has ended, and the measurement and control communication between the probe and the earth has returned to normal. Judging from the telemetry data, the “Tianwen No. 1” was in normal condition during the solar transit and passed the first solar transit safely. The orbiter will enter the remote sensing mission orbit in early November to carry out global remote sensing exploration of Mars to obtain scientific data such as Mars morphology and geological structure, surface material composition and soil type distribution, atmospheric ionosphere, and Martian space environment, while taking into account the development of the rover mission Phase of relay communication.

日前，日凌现象已经结束，探测器与地球之间的测控通信恢复正常，通过遥测数据判断，“天问一号”日凌期间状态正常，安全度过首次日凌。环绕器将于11月初进入遥感使命轨道，开展火星全球遥感探测，获取火星形貌与地质构造、表面物质成分与土壤类型分布、大气电离层、火星空间环境等科学数据，同时兼顾火星车拓展任务阶段的中继通信。

Images and visuals are from CNSA- China National Space Administration also from there respectives..

Author: Geng Yan Chen Gang