Tag: ESA

#CNSA China National Space Administration #國家航天局 | #BeltAndRoadinitiative February 2021 |-#ValentinesDay working hard for more than One Thousand days #Queqiao- #MagpieBridge relay Communications satellite to the other side of the Moon communicating between #VonKarman #Crater and #Planet #Earth.. ..

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On 14th February 2021 in was Valentine’s day in which there’s ancient Chinese Romantic story in between two reconnected couples the Cowhearder and the Weaver girl..  The romantic inspiration of that date of China’s Spaceflight! The “Magpie Bridge” relay satellite successfully launched for 1000 days] At 5:28 on May 21, 2018, the Long March 4C carrier rocket ignited into the air at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center and successfully launched the world’s first special relay communication satellite outside the earth orbit : Chang’e-4 relay star “Queqiao” was sent into the scheduled orbit. As an earth-moon communication and data transfer station, “Queqiao” can transmit the scientific data sent by the Chang’e-4 probe landed on the back of the moon back to the earth in real time……

Previously …..On 0528 Spring morning Beijing Time…  21st  May 2018 at the XiChang Satellite Launch Center in South West China, CNSA-China National Space Administration  launched an reliable Long March 4C configuration Carrier Rocket in which is in preparations towards a later mission to Launch Chang’e 4 Lunar Probe that would land on the Dark Side of the moon in which Earth’s Moon Luna is Tidally Lock one side is constant facing Earth the other side is not due to the Earth’s history it slowly gradually stop the Moons rotation..

Launching from one of many CNSA-China National Space Admistraton launch facilities that scattered around nation…. Launching towards the Dark side of the moon in which to establishment of communication with Queqiao- Known as the Magpie Bridge in which namely relating to the Jin Dynasty story with Cowhearder and Weaver girl in which the Magpie forms a Milky way bridge to  have the lovers to meet together …..  In which is the same way for making that communications relay point with the other side of the moon with Earth…

the 24th October 2017 moon four days away from the new moon..

The launch includes two payloads one is two cube Satellites that’s launched after the Queqiao relay communication satellite….. In which to create a triangular communications network…  To communicate with the Lunar Probe Chang’e four, too study, explorationally the dark side of the moon….. During the process of the launching twenty five minutes into the flight it was the Queqiao satellite network to separate from its secondary carrier stage then transiting onwards to the dark side of the moon.. in laying the foundations of that network.. With the soon to be Chang’e 4 Lunar Probe rover.. in which later this year it enable China the first country to send a probe to soft land on the rover on the furthest side of the moon explorationally scientifically ..

Images and visuals are from Weibo

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #February2021 | #嫦娥五号The #Moon #Change5 probe featured on the #ChineseLunarNewYear #SpringFestivalGala after its Heroic Lunar Mission from #MonsRumker #LunaExploration among with iconic China’s Collaborative Space Missions #YearOfTheOX …

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Today on the 12th February 2021 Friday is the Year of the Ox previously the year of the Rat…… featuring on the CCTV – China Central Television Beijing Studios also the world’s  most watched television show globally from Beijing – China – People’s Republic of China.. Featuring is CNSA – China National Space Administration Belt and Road Initiative ESA- European Space Agency CLEP China Luna Exploration Program is the return Sample Module of Change 5 .. Featuring is also the CNSA ESA Belt and Road initiative Mars Mission as it now in the Mars Orbit awaiting to land on the Utopia Planitia on the rustic Planet that still can be seen in the Constellation Aries in which is currently 195 Million Kilometers from Earth..    ….

On 17th December 2020 very early morning Hong Kong -Beijing Thursday, the Beijing flight control team of the CNSA China National Space Administration- CLEP- China Lunar Exploration Program Belt and Road Initiative Mons Rumker Luna Mission …..Chang’e-5 probe successfully completed China’s first extraterrestrial celestial body sampling and return mission…. At 1:59 Hong Kong –Beijing Time on December 17th early hour’s morning Thursday, the lunar exploration project Chang’e-5 returner successfully landed in the planned area of ​​Siziwang Banner, Inner Mongolia, marking the mission of sampling and returning to China’s first extraterrestrial body was successfully completed….

天问一号飞運騎遊達达3亿 …….As of the evening 10th February 2021, CNSA – China National Space Administration- ESA – European Space agency Belt and road initiative mars mission…first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen- Martian Probe One Tianwen-1 successfully implemented Mars capture, China’s first Mars exploration mission to circumnavigate Mars and succeeded] According to the China National Space Administration, at 19:52 on February 10, 2021, China’s first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen-1, was implemented Near-fire capture and braking, the orbiter 3000N orbital-controlled engine ignites for about 15 minutes, and the probe smoothly enters a large elliptical circular fire orbit with a near-fire height of about 400 kilometers, a period of about 10 Earth days, and an inclination of about 10º. The first man-made Mars satellite has achieved the goal of “orbiting, orbiting, and patrolling” the first step, and successfully orbiting Mars…..

Images and visuals are from Weibo

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #CLEP #February2021 | #VonKarmanCrater #LunarMission #Change4 #Yutu2 Lunar adventuring 628.5 Meters #LunaExploration Summary waking up on 27th day before #ChineseLunarNewYear …..

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As of 6th February 2021 Saturday , The CNSA –China National Space Administration Belt and Road Initiative CLEP- China Luna Exploration Program   Lunar Mission……Chang’e-4 successfully awakened and entered the 2th day of the work period before the Chinese Lunar New Year – year of the OX.. ….On the far back of the moon on the 103 Kilometer diameter Von Karman Crater , the Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover ended moon night dormancy at 16:48 and 4:26 on February 6th Hong Kong –Beijing time, and were awakened autonomously by light, and entered the 27th month day work period . Since the “Yutu-2” lunar rover reached the surface of the moon, it has travelled a total of about 628.5 meters. It is currently located northwest of the landing site, about 430 meters straight from the landing site.

Scientific exploration planned on the 27th day:

  • The panoramic camera selects the opportunity to take color images of rocks and impact craters.
  • (2) Drive to a rock block with a diameter of about 18cm to the southwest of the current lunar rover position, about 17.8m away from the current location, and use an infrared imaging spectrometer to detect the rock and the surrounding lunar soil.

在遥远的月球背面，嫦娥四号着陆器和“玉兔二号”月球车分别于2月6日16时48分和4时26分结束月夜休眠，受光照自主唤醒，进入第27月昼工作期。“玉兔二号”月球车走到月面以来，累计行驶里程约628.5米，目前位于着陆点西北方向，距离着陆点直线距离约430米。

第27月昼拟开展的科学探测：

  • 全景相机择机对石块和撞击坑进行彩色图像。
  • （2）向当前月球车位置西南方一直径约为18cm的岩块行驶，距离当前位置约8m，利用红外成像光谱仪对该石块及周边月壤进行探测。

Previously  of 20th January 2021 Wednesday, The CNSA –China National Space Administration Belt and Road Initiative Lunar Mission……Chang’e-4 successfully awakened and entered the 26th day of the work period….Chang’e 4 enters the 26th moon night] The Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover completed the 26th day of the month at 21:10 and 14:06 on January 20, and were set up according to ground instructions. Enter the moonlit night dormancy. Up to now, the Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover have worked on the moon for 749 earth days, with a cumulative mileage of 628.47 meters.

Images and visuals are from Weibo CNSA –China National Space Administration –CLEP- China Luna Exploration Program..

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #國家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #February2021 |#火星 # 天問 #天问一号 #LongMarch5 #ChangZheng5 #TianwenOne #MarsMission #Marslander #MarsRover #MarsProbe making course correction towards the #UtopiaPlanitia #Mars For collaborative exploration for the #ChineseLunarNewYear..

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天问一号飞運騎遊達达3亿 …….As of the evening 5th February 2021, CNSA – China National Space Administration– ESA – European Space agency Belt and road initiative mars mission…first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen- Martian Probe One …… The Tianwen-1’s flight mileage exceeded 465 kilometers…..in which its expected landing for the Tianwen-1 to land on Utopia Planitia just before the Chinese Lunar New Years for the Year of the OX on  12th February 2021 landing on 10th February 2021….. In which it photography of first image of the rustic planet of Mars in which is roughly half the diameter of planet Earth…

Tianwen-1 completed the fourth midway correction of its orbit and returned the first image of Mars……At 20:00 Hong Kong – Beijing Time on February 5, 2021, the engine ignition of the Tianwen-1 probe on the first Mars exploration mission was completed, and the fourth ground-fire transfer section was successfully completed The orbit was corrected midway to ensure that Mars capture was carried out as planned. Up to now, Tianwen-1 has been in orbit for about 197 days, about 184 million kilometers from the earth, about 1.1 million kilometers from Mars, and a flight mileage of about 465 million kilometers. The probe systems are in good condition. Prior to this, Tianwen-1 acquired the first Martian image at a distance of about 2.2 million kilometers from Mars.

天问一号飞運騎遊達达3亿 …….As of the early morning January 3rd 2021, CNSA – China National Space Administration- ESA – European Space agency Belt and road initiative mars mission…first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen- Martian Probe One …… The Tianwen-1’s flight mileage exceeded 400 million kilometers….. As of 6:00 on January 3, the Tianwen-1 probe has been in orbit for 163 earth days, with a flight mileage of over 400 million kilometers, about 130 million kilometers from the earth, and about 8.3 million kilometers. The probe has a stable attitude. According to the plan, it will implement near-fire braking in more than a month, enter the ring-fire orbit, and prepare to land on Mars.

The Tianwen-1 mission is the first step in China- People’s Republic of China independent interplanetary exploration. It will “circle, land, and patrol” Mars through a single launch, that is, Mars orbit, Mars landing, and fire patrol. The Tianwen-1 probe has a total weight of about 5 tons and is composed of an orbiter and a landing patrol device. The landing patrol device mainly includes an entry module and a Mars rover. At present, the orbiter has completed the third on-orbit self-check, and all systems are working normally…..

The name “Tianwen”: 天問 ….. Comes from the long poem of the same name written by Qu Yuan (about 340–278 BC), one of the greatest poets of Ancient China. It is a poem of a series of questions starting with how the universe was created.

Images and visuals are from Weibo

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #CLEP #January2021 | #VonKarmanCrater #LunarMission #Change4 #Yutu2 Lunar adventuring 628.47 Meters #LunaExploration Summary of 746-day scientific research results reveal micro-scale thermal radiation characteristics of the moon….

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As of 20th January 2021 Wednesday, The CNSA –China National Space Administration – CLEP- China Luna Exploration Program Belt and Road Initiative Lunar Mission……Chang’e-4 successfully awakened and entered the 26th day of the work period….Chang’e 4 enters the 26th moon night] The Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover completed the 26th day of the month at 21:10 and 14:06 on January 20, and were set up according to ground instructions. Enter the moonlit night dormancy. Up to now, the Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover have worked on the moon for 749 earth days, with a cumulative mileage of 628.47 meters.

The Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover completed the 26th day of the month at 21:10 and 14:06 on January 20, completed the set-up according to ground instructions, and entered moon-night sleep. Up to now, the Chang’e 4 lander and the “Yutu 2” lunar rover have worked on the moon for 749 earth days, with a cumulative mileage of 628.47 meters.

Based on the first-hand data obtained by the Chang’e-4 mission, the scientific research team continues to achieve scientific results. The team of researcher Wu Yunzhao from the Purple Mountain Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences took a different approach and used the visible near-infrared spectrometer (VNIS) to study the thermal radiation characteristics, obtained the thermal radiation characteristics of the moon on the micro-scale, and performed thermal correction of the spectrum, and related results were published….. In Geophysical Research Letters…

Researcher Wu Yunzhao first discovered the existence of thermal radiation in the spectral data of Chang’e-3 (Wu and Hapke, 2018). The first-month diurnal spectrum data of Chang’e-4 confirmed the discovery, and the tenth day fixed-point measurement provided more observational support. Figure 1 shows that after 2 μm, the spectral uplift gradually strengthens as the sun rises, and gradually decreases as the sun sinks. On the one hand, this discovery helps to interpret spectral data correctly, and on the other hand, it expands the application of spectrometers, not only for studying minerals, but also for studying the thermal radiation of the moon. This study shows that even in the 2 μm and mid-latitude mineral inversion studies, thermal correction is required….

Even in the pure thermal radiation region, the solution of temperature and emissivity is an under-determined equation, while the mid-infrared has both reflection and thermal emission, and temperature solution is more complicated. The study found that, in addition to the material composition, the heat radiation characteristics are significantly affected by the micro-scale roughness (Figure 2). In addition to the phase angle, the influence of the relative azimuth angle between the observation and the incident is very obvious (Figure 3). The two-way roughness slope of the micro-scale topography of the Chang’e-4 lunar soil is 22°-24°.

In the past, the research on the temperature characteristics of the lunar surface was mainly based on macro-satellite remote sensing data, and the wavelength was in the thermal infrared band. This research carried out for the first time the micro-scale and short-wave thermal radiation characteristics of lunar soil, which is of great significance for mid-infrared research. The spectrum used in this study has the superposition of solar reflection and the moon’s own thermal radiation. There are great difficulties in spectral analysis and application, and it is a spectral region that has relatively little research. The mid-infrared spectrum is very useful. Water, OH, organic matter, and minerals have discriminative spectral characteristics in the mid-infrared, and they are the key spectrum for detecting extraterrestrial life substances…

Scientific achievements come from: Researcher Wu Yunzhao’s team at Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences

嫦娥四号进入第26月夜，研究成果揭示月球微尺度热辐射特性

​​     嫦娥四号着陆器和“玉兔二号”月球车分别于1月20日21时10分和14时06分完成第26月昼工作，按地面指令完成设置，进入月夜休眠。截至目前，嫦娥四号着陆器和“玉兔二号”月球车已在月面工作749个地球日，累计行驶里程628.47米。

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     科研团队根据嫦娥四号任务获取的第一手数据，持续取得科学成果。中国科学院紫金山天文台吴昀昭研究员团队另辟蹊径，将可见光近红外光谱仪（VNIS）用于热辐射特性研究，获得了月球在微尺度上的热辐射特性，并对光谱进行了热校正，相关成果发表在Geophysical Research Letters。

    吴昀昭研究员首次在嫦娥三号光谱数据发现有热辐射存在（Wu and Hapke, 2018）。嫦娥四号第一月昼光谱数据证实了该发现，第十月昼定点测量给出了更多的观测支持。图1可见，2μm后光谱抬升随着太阳升高而逐渐加强，随着太阳下沉而逐渐降低。该发现一方面有助于正确解译光谱数据，另一方面拓展了光谱仪应用，不仅可用于研究矿物，还可用于研究月球的热辐射。该研究表明即便在2 μm且中纬度地区的矿物反演研究也需要进行热校正。

     即便纯热辐射区，温度与发射率的求解也是欠定方程，而中红外既存在反射又存在热发射，温度求解更为复杂。研究发现，除了物质成分外，热辐射特性受微尺度粗糙度显著影响（图2）。除了相角，观测与入射相对方位角的影响非常明显（图3）。获得了嫦娥四号月壤微尺度地形双向粗糙度斜率为22° – 24°。

过去对月表温度特性的研究主要是宏观卫星遥感数据，波长上是热红外波段。本研究首次开展了微观尺度和短波方面的月壤热辐射特性研究，对于中红外研究具有重要意义。本次研究所用谱段存在太阳反射与月球自身热辐射叠加，光谱解析及应用存在较大困难，是研究相对较少的光谱区。而中红外谱段非常有用，水、OH、有机质、矿物在中红外有判断性光谱特征，是探测地外生命物质的关键谱段。

科学成果来自：中国科学院紫金山天文台吴昀昭研究员团队

Images and visuals are from Weibo CNSA –China National Space Administration –CLEP- China Luna Exploration Program..