Tag: December 2021

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #國家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #December2021 |#火星 # 天問 #天问一号#TianwenOne #MarsMission #Marslander #MarsRover #Tianwen1 probe  #祝融号 #ZhuRong Tianwen1 # 張榮橋 #ZhangRongqiao, chief designer of China’s first Mars exploration mission, was selected as one of the ten greatest figures of the year in Nature….

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On the months of December 2021  天问一号飞運騎遊達达3亿CNSA – China National Space Administration – ESA – European Space agency Belt and road initiative mars mission…first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen- Martian Probe One …….祝融号Zhu Rong”  Zhang Rongqiao, chief designer of China’s first Mars exploration mission, was selected as one of the ten greatest figures of the year in Nature

At 0:00 on December 16th 2021 Thursday, Hong Kong SAR- Beijing time, the international authoritative scientific magazine “Nature” published the top ten figures of 2021, and Zhang Rongqiao, the chief designer of my country’s first Mars exploration mission, was selected. On May 15, 2021, China’s Mars rover “Tianwen One” successfully landed on the pre-selected landing zone on the surface of Mars. China became the second country in the world to successfully land on Mars and deploy a Mars rover. After the “Zhurong” Mars rover sent back telemetry signals, the flight control center in Beijing lit up a festive red screen, and the engineer excitedly shouted “Hello, Mars!” Zhang Rongqiao took off his glasses silently at this time, tears in his eyes.

The character of the year in “Nature” describes Zhang Rongqiao as “Mars explorer”. Mars is a space nightmare for many countries. So far, the overall success rate is only about 50%, and the success rate for landing missions is only a little over 40%. China’s first Mars exploration mission completed the three major goals of Mars orbiting, landing and patrolling. It is even more difficult and risky. Behind the steadily accomplishing the three goals is the effort to “grind a sword in ten years.” “In order to win today’s first battle, we started planning 10 years ago. We have worked hard for 6 years, held at the launch site for 110 days, and held at the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center for 202 days. The first victory was to orbit Mars. After that, I held on for another 93 days to this day. What is the purpose? It is for today’s final victory!” Zhang Rongqiao said excitedly at the flight control center on May 15th.

At a press conference held by the National Space Administration in Beijing on June 12, Zhang Rongqiao said, “Achieving a circumnavigation in one step means that the development is more difficult. To put it more plainly, the possibility of failure increases. For our developers, we can bear it. Zhang Rongqiao said. Fortunately, there is the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee, and there are government organizations at all levels, especially the powerful organization of the National Space Administration, including the Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the launch site and measurement and control The competent departments have vigorously coordinated, and the fire detection research and development personnel have worked hard and overcome difficulties. “To put it more bluntly, it is the fire-detector’s vigor. We succeeded today. Looking back, the choice of this technical route is very correct.” Zhang Rongqiao said that overall it is more cost-effective, especially in terms of technology. It can achieve leapfrog development and make my country enter the world’s advanced ranks in the field of planetary exploration in a relatively short period of time. “Therefore, we said that the first Mars exploration mission was based on China’s national conditions and embarked on a path of aerospace development with Chinese characteristics.”

In the future, China will implement deep space exploration missions such as Mars sampling and return missions, near-Earth asteroid sampling and return and main belt comet orbiting missions, Jupiter system orbiting and planetary crossing missions. “Looking up at the stars and keeping your feet on the ground” are two words that Zhang Rongqiao likes very much. He said: “This is precisely what society needs for each of us, and it is a way for us to settle down in society. We need to stand on the present and look to the future.” Zhang Rongqiao Said: “Our knowledge and understanding of the universe is still very superficial. We should see that the world beyond the cradle is infinitely vast. Innovation never ends.”

The Top Ten People of the Year in Nature are records of important scientific developments and events this year, as well as some of the key figures and their colleagues. The top ten figures were selected by the editors of Nature and gathered individuals who influenced some of the most important scientific events in 2021.

(The original website link https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-03621-0)

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #CLEP #December2021 | # SinusIridium #LunarMission #Change3 #Yutu1 Lunar Exploration #December2013  eight years ago landing on the #Moon  …..八年前的今天，嫦娥三号成功落月！

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八年前的今天，嫦娥三号成功落月！Today, 8 years ago, Chang’e-3 successfully landed on the moon!

​​ As of Month of December 2021, The CNSA –China National Space Administration CLEP- China Lunar Exploration Program  Belt and Road Initiative Lunar Mission……Chang’e-4with Yutu One the Lunar rover Today in 15th December on 14th December 2013  in which is on eight years ago 2013 the CNSA CLEP China National Space Administration – China Luna Exploration Program Chang’e-3 probe successfully landed on the moon China- People’s Republic of China  becomes the third country in the world A country capable of independently implementing a soft landing on the moon on Sinus Iridium Nearby Mare Imbrium ….

8 years ago Chang’e-3 makes the five-star red flag China’s Flag debut on the moon on that day Review looking through back in time eight years ago on  The historical moment of the successful landing of Chang’e-3 Lunar Lander.. landing on the The landing site of China’s first Moon lander Chang’e-3 has been named “Guang Han Gong（广寒宫） (Guang: widely, extensively; Han: cold, freezing；Gong: Palace) ” or “Moon Palace” by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), China’s State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND). Three nearby impact craters were given the names Zi Wei, Tian Shi and Tai Wei, three constellations in traditional Chinese astrology

On December 14, 2013, China’s first unmanned moon landing probe, Chang’e-3, successfully landed on the moon. The setting moon starts at an altitude of 15 kilometers. During the 11-minute setting of the moon, Chang’e-3 relied on autonomous control to go through six stages: main deceleration, rapid adjustment, approach, hovering, obstacle avoidance, and slow descent. 1.7 kilometers per second gradually reduced to 0. At an altitude of 100 meters from the lunar surface, the probe stopped temporarily and used sensors to observe the landing area to avoid obstacles and select a landing site. After walking the last few meters in free fall, the four landing legs that steadily “stand” on the surface of the moon touched the moon, indicating that Chang’e-3 landed perfectly in the Hongwan area of ​​the moon.  

The landing site of Chang’e-3 has good communications and sunshine conditions in the Hongwan area of ​​the moon, and the terrain is relatively flat. No human probe has ever visited before. This area, later named “Guanghan Palace” by the International Astronomical Union, is not only the landing site of Chang’e-3, but also a new starting point for China’s lunar exploration.  

While achieving a soft landing on the moon, Chang’e-3 also shoulders the mission of breaking through key technologies such as automatic patrol surveys, deep space measurement and control communications, and moon night survival. The Chang’e-3 lunar probe consisting of the lander and the “Yutu” lunar rover has a total weight of nearly 3.8 tons. In the following time, the “Yutu” left the lander and began scientific exploration, and the lander conducted in-situ detection at the landing site.  

Chang’e-3 did not live up to high expectations. It saw the earth on the moon for the first time,  obtained images of the earth’s plasma layer for the first time, and completed the first geological profile of the moon and the first celestial body survey. With the successful completion of the mission of Chang’e-3, China’s three-step strategy of “orbiting, landing, and returning” for China’s lunar exploration project has progressed smoothly, and has begun to fully enter a new stage of unmanned automatic sampling and return.

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #December2021|#西昌衛星發射中心 # XichangSatelliteLaunchCenter – Successfully launching the advance iconic #LongMarch3B #ChangZheng3B  #CarrierRocket to deploy the advance high velocity #Tianlian2  #DataRelay #TelecommunicationSatellite  #Satellites.…

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On the 14th December Tuesday 2021   in  CNSA _China National Space Administration -China – People’s Republic of China At 0009 morning hours Hong Kong –Beijing Time on an. China successfully launched Satellites using the Chang Zheng Long March 3B Yiyao 82 carrier rocket at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center Sichuan Province….. Successfully launches Tianlian 2 02 satellite According to the latest news of the Aerospace Science and Technology Group…..

The Chang Zheng  Long March 3B carrier rocket ignited into the sky at  Xichang Satellite Launch Center, successfully flying Tianlian 2 02 satellite It was sent to the predetermined orbit and the launch mission was a complete success. This is the first step in the Long March series of rocket launches from 400 to 500 launches schedule this launch is the 401st launch of the Long March series of carrier rocket …. .


Tianlian-2 02 was developed by the Fifth Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. It is my country’s second-generation geosynchronous orbit data relay satellite. It is mainly used to provide data relay for manned spacecraft such as spacecraft, space laboratories, and space stations. And measurement and control services, provide data relay and measurement and control services for medium and low orbit resource satellites, and provide measurement and control support for spacecraft launches in which number of relay satellites in orbit in China has increased to 7, and the line-up of “relay satellite clusters” has been upgraded again. The robustness, reliability, and flexible service capabilities of the system have been further improved.


Tianlian-2 02 is the first equipped satellite of China’s second-generation data relay satellite system. This launch is also the 401st launch of the Long March series of carrier rockets. The satellite was successfully launched It marks that China has taken an important step towards a new generation of relay satellite system networking, and will further enhance China’s space-based measurement and control and data relay capabilities.


Tianlian-2 02 was developed by the General Department of Communications and Navigation Satellites of the Fifth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Group. It will provide users with measurement, control and data for manned spacecraft, remote sensing meteorology and other low- and mid-orbit satellites, launch vehicles and other non-spacecraft users. Following the service. The satellite is developed by using the Dongfanghong-4 satellite public platform. Compared with the Tianlian-2 launching satellite, the satellite fully inherits the technology status of the launching satellite, and its ability to serve multiple users is enhanced to meet the simultaneous access needs of more users; at the same time; The satellite can work in different orbital positions and has strong orbital adaptability, which improves the maneuverability and flexibility of the satellite in orbit; the localization rate of the satellite’s single-machine is significantly increased, and the development cycle is greatly shortened, which verifies the Tianlian-2 satellite The ability to develop rapidly provides support for the subsequent second-generation relay multi-satellite rapid on-orbit networking, and accelerates the pace of my country’s space-based measurement and control and transmission network construction- Fifth Academy of Aerospace Engineering…

Images and visual are from Weibo and their Respectives..

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #December2021| #CMS #ChinaMannedSpace the crew #Shenzhou13 #Takionauts #CSS #ChinaSpaceStation #TianheCoreModule…. Doing #Space Teaching from #SpaceTeacher #王亞平 #WangYaping #TiangongClassroom….

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中国空间站 On currently on December 2021, the Belt and Road Initiative CNSA –China National Space Administration  CSS China Space Station in which on a three to six months setting up a new home of the first three Shenzhou 13 in which spending up to on for the further construction and verifications of the systems of the CSS –China Space Station 2021 launch calendar in which currently the three Takionauts current Shenzhou 13 ……  Preparations for the six months of extension of the China Space Station  In which the currently it remains awaiting for the crew of setting up home in conducting fun scientifically onboard中国空间站..  China Space station …..

On 9th December 2021, the crew of the Shenzhou 13 will be conducting a Space Teaching from Space orbiting around the planet Earth towards the Students of China – People’s Republic of China on a live streaming broadcast on a multiple various media Platform in covering the Mainland, also two of its SAR- Special Administrative region of Hong Kong SAR and Macau SAR at 1540 Hours Hong Kong SAR –Beijing time The Chinese Space Station conducts space teaching. The China Central Radio and Television Station will conduct live broadcasts throughout the whole process.

The first lesson of “Tiangong Classroom”] The China Manned Space Engineering Office will officially broadcast the first lesson of “Tiangong Classroom”. The first lesson of “Tiangong Class” will officially start on December 9. The Shenzhou 13 crew Takionauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping, and Ye Guangfu will give space lectures at the Chinese Space Station. From 12 noon on December 9th, the China Manned Space Engineering Office will broadcast live on Weibo uninterruptedly, witnessing the first launch of the Chinese Space Station in the whole process

This space teaching activity will be conducted in a space-to-earth interactive manner, with ground-based main classrooms set up in the China Science and Technology Museum, and ground-based sub-classes in Nanning, Guangxi, Wenchuan, Hong Kong, and Macau. At that time, 3 astronauts will introduce and display the work and life scenes of the China Space Station in orbit, demonstrate cytology experiments, object motion, liquid surface tension and other phenomena in a microgravity environment (the teaching project is attached), and conduct real-time communication with the ground class to spread the load. Human and space knowledge has stimulated the interest of young people in science.


Chinese astronauts sincerely invite young people to try to carry out related experiments on the ground simultaneously, to perceive the mysteries of the universe from the difference between heaven and earth, and experience the joy of exploration.

Attached ┃Introduction to the content of the first space teaching experiment of the China Space Station

1 Astronauts working and living scenes in orbit
2 Space cytology research experiment demonstration
3 Space turning
4 Loss of buoyancy experiment
5 Water film tension experiment 6 Water polo optics experiment
7 Effervescent film experiment
8 Interaction between heaven and earth AC

What kind of experience is it like to live on the space station? What are the interesting things that happen under weightlessness? The live broadcast of “Tiangong Classroom” is about to begin!
Bring your questions quickly, scan the code to enter 空间网课直播 , let’s “rise posture” together!

Looking forward to it! 翟志刚王亚平叶光富直播 See the earth from space and appreciate the vastness of stars; unpack the space meal package and experience life in space; walk into many universities and middle schools across the country to see the N ways to open aerospace science courses; more aerospace science courses Authoritative experts in the field and science and technology experts are guest studios, and space Q&A blind boxes and fun experiments take turns. Move the small bench quickly

Before the class starts, plan a key point first.

During the course, we will have a high probability of seeing the words “BACC” and “Sky Chain” in the upper right corner of the screen. BACC is the English abbreviation of Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center, and its full name is Beijing Aerospace Control Center. “Skylink” refers to the skylink relay satellite.

A “relay satellite” in the traditional sense is a communication satellite that forwards ground station tracking, measurement and control information to mid- and low-orbit spacecraft, and forwards the spacecraft to send back ground information. In short: the relay satellite is the data transfer station between the ground station and the satellite. 

So the problem is that besides Skylink, which relay satellites do you know in our country? Source: Our Space 

Images and visuals are from their respectives.

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #December2021 | #嫦娥五号The #Moon #Change5 probe its Heroic #LunarMission from #MonsRumker #LunaExploration #Review The third anniversary of the first anniversary of the Chang’e 5 mission series-space rods#ChangZheng5 …..

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One year ago today 24th November 2020 Now it’s the 24th November 2021 , the Chang Zheng – Long March Five Carrier Rocket Launched away  in CNSA – China National Space Administration China Wenchang spaceport launch, Change Five  Lunar probe into orbit, opened up towards China – People’s Republic of China’s first celestial bodies sample return trip from Mons Rumker on the Lunar Surface.……  

​​At 23:10 on December 3, 2020, the Chang’e-5 ascender carried a lunar sample to take off from the lunar surface. About 6 minutes later, it entered an elliptical orbit around the moon. At 2:13 on December 6, the ascender accurately reached the scheduled “handover” position 50 kilometers in front of the orbit-return assembly and about 10 kilometers above it. At 5:42, the ascender and the orbit-returning assembly completed the rendezvous and docking. At 6 o’clock, the sample packaging container was transferred from the ascender to the returner. This process of autonomous rendezvous and docking and sample transfer is like the handover process in a 100-meter relay race. It is brilliant and highly technical. Using a lunar orbital rendezvous and docking after take-off from the lunar surface, rather than a direct lunar-to-ground transfer after taking off from the lunar surface, this design is conducive to collecting and carrying more samples back to the earth, and for technical accumulation and verification for subsequent missions.

Aspect 1-chase in space

Both the ascender and the orbit-back assembly fly around the moon, but the orbital heights are different. The ascender runs on the outer track at a height of 210 kilometers, and the orbit-back assembly runs on the inner track at a height of 200 kilometers. The distance on the inner track is short, the track-back assembly runs slightly faster, and the ascender on the outer track runs slower. In order to realize the “transfer bar”, the rail-back assembly needs to raise the rail in the height direction and gradually approach the ascender in the front and rear direction. When approaching a certain distance, the orbit-back assembly will autonomously control the engine to change the direction of travel and take a shortcut to catch up with the ascender. During the entire chase process, multiple anchor points are set up, and the orbit-return assembly stops to keep the relative position unchanged, conducts a state inspection, and ensures that the measurement and control conditions meet the requirements during docking.

Picture: Lunar orbital rendezvous and docking flight phase division. (Source: Xu Yang, Ma Lin, Liu Tao, etc. Chang’e 5 Lunar Orbital Rendezvous and Docking Guidance, Navigation and Control System. Science in China: Technological Sciences, 2021, 51: 788–798)

 Aspect 2-“High-precision measurement” + “Know yourself and the enemy”

During the rendezvous and docking process, it is necessary to make the orbit-return assembly and the ascender know the relative position, speed and attitude of each other. For this reason, a variety of sensors for relative measurement are configured to realize relative navigation. When the distance is 100 kilometers, the microwave radar starts to work. It not only provides the relative motion parameters of the two devices according to the traditional radar “call and answer” mode, but also upgrades to the “dialogue exchange” mode, between the orbital assembly and the ascender. Two-way transmission of remote control commands and telemetry parameters. At a distance of 20 kilometers, lidar “comes on the scene” to provide higher-precision measurement information. At about 100 meters, the optical sensor began to show its talents to achieve close distance and attitude measurement. These sensors are relayed to each other over the working distance and covered and connected, so as to ensure that there are at least two different systems of sensors available at any distance, so that the orbit-back assembly can be seen more accurately, the measurement is more precise, and the system is more reliable. 

Aspect 3-precise “handover baton” from 380,000 kilometers away

The weight of the orbit-return assembly is more than 2 tons, but the mass of the ascender is only one-sixth of its mass. If the traditional collision docking is used, it is very easy to cause the ascender to be knocked into flight. For this reason, a claw-type catching and docking mechanism is specially designed. Each pair of claws is like two arms, which are quickly closed within 1 second to form a closed space, and the passive lock handle of the ascender is firmly restrained inside. Can’t escape. It has to be accurate, and the accuracy requirement after docking is better than 0.5 mm, which is like “threading a needle” in space. The use of 3 sets of claw mechanism star-shaped circumferential layout and self-centering design realizes the automatic centering of the two aircraft after docking, and realizes the lightweight design while ensuring high-precision docking.

The design of the transfer mechanism is also very clever. In order to realize the transfer of long-stroke sample containers of more than six hundred millimeters, the designers found inspiration from the inchworm. Based on the principle of movement stroke amplification + relay transfer, they proposed a relay mechanism for imitating the inchworm. The simple circular expansion and contraction movement of the parallel link can realize the continuous movement of the object. The entire transfer process is like the movement of a caterpillar, stretching and shrinking, continuously advancing.

​​2020年12月3日23时10分，嫦娥五号上升器携带月球样品从月面点火起飞，约6分钟后，进入环月椭圆轨道。12月6日2时13分，上升器准确到达轨返组合体前方50公里、上方约10公里的预定“交班”位置。5时42分，上升器与轨返对合体完成交会对接，6时，样品封装容器从上升器转移到返回器中。这个自主交会对接和样品转移过程就好像百米接力赛中的交接棒过程，精彩纷呈，技术含量极高。采用从月面起飞后进行一次月球轨道交会对接，而不是从月面起飞后直接月地转移，这样的设计有利于采集和携带更多样品返回地球，并为后续任务进行技术积累和验证。

看点1——太空中的追逐

上升器和轨返组合体都在环月飞行，但轨道高度不同，上升器在210公里高的外道跑，轨返组合体在200公里高的内道跑。内道路程短，轨返组合体跑得稍快一些，外道的上升器则跑得要慢一点。为了实现“交接棒”，轨返组合体需要在高度方向上抬高轨道，并且在前后方向上逐渐逼近上升器。当接近到一定距离时，轨返组合体会自主控制发动机来改变行进方向，抄近道赶上上升器。整个追逐过程设置多个停泊点，轨返组合体停下来保持相对位置不变，进行状态检查，并确保对接的时候测控条件满足要求。

 看点2——“高精测量”+“知己知彼”

在交会对接过程中，需要让轨返组合体和上升器清楚彼此的相对位置、速度和姿态，为此配置了多种进行相对测量的敏感器，用来实现相对导航。在相距100公里的时候，微波雷达开始工作，既按照传统雷达的“点名答到”模式提供两器的相对运动参数，还升级到“对话交流”模式，在轨返组合体和上升器之间双向传输遥控指令和遥测参数。在相距20公里的时候，激光雷达“登场”，提供更高精度的测量信息。而到了100米左右，光学敏感器开始大显身手，实现近距离的距离和姿态测量。这些敏感器在作用距离上彼此接力又有覆盖衔接，从而确保在任意距离上至少有两种不同体制的敏感器可用，使得轨返组合体看得更准，测得更精，系统更加可靠。 

看点3——38万公里之外的精准“交接棒”

轨返组合体重达2吨多，上升器质量却只有它的六分之一，如果采用传统的碰撞式对接，极易导致上升器被撞飞。为此，专门设计了抱爪式抓捕对接机构，每对抱爪犹如两只手臂，在1秒内快速合拢形成闭合空间，将位于上升器的被动锁柄牢牢地约束在内部，再也无法逃脱。对得上还得对得准，对接后的精度要求优于0.5毫米，好比在太空“穿针引线”。采用3套抱爪机构星型周向布局、自定心设计，实现了两飞行器对接后的自动对准中心，在保证高精度对接的同时实现了轻量化设计。

转移机构的设计也很巧妙。为了实现六百多毫米的长行程样品容器转移，设计师们从尺蠖的身上找到了灵感，基于运动行程放大+接力转移的原理，提出了一种仿尺蠖大展收接力式机构，通过多级并联连杆的简单循环展收运动，就可以实现物体的连续移动。整个转移过程如同毛毛虫的运动，一伸一缩、不断前进。

作者：王琼  胡震宇 于丹 戚铁磊​​​​

Images and visuals are from Weibo and their respectives…. Of CNSA China National Space Administration …