Tag: June 2022

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #CLEP #June2022 | #VonKarmanCrater #LunarMission #Change4 #Yutu2 #ChineseAcademyOfSciences Research Reveals the Constraints of the Chang’e-4 Infrared Imaging Spectroscopic Ground Validation Experiment on the Material Composition of the Lunar SPA Surface…

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As of Month of April 2022, The CNSA –China National Space Administration CLEP- China Lunar Exploration Program  Belt and Road Initiative Lunar Mission……Chang’e-4 with Yutu two the Lunar rover still working exploring more than moved more than 1142.39 meters on the other side of the moon on the 103 Kilometers Diameter Von Karman Crater in which is least than two length by length fifty five Kilometers Hong Kong –Macau- Zhuhai Bridges …. Working Exploring the Crater on the other side of the Moon Chang’e Luna….

On 27th June 2022 the Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Reveals the Constraints of the Chang’e-4 Infrared Imaging Spectroscopic Ground Validation Experiment on the Material Composition of the Lunar SPA Surface

The Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (VNIS) on the Yutu No. 2 Lunar Rover has measured infrared imaging spectral data at multiple locations along the rover’s walking route. VNIS is the main method used to study the composition of lunar soil and lunar surface rocks in the landing area and to trace their origin. The research of the Institute of Geology and Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences revealed the constraints on the composition of the lunar SPA surface by the Chang’e-4 infrared imaging spectroscopy ground verification experiment.

The Yutu-2 rover has been working on the lunar surface for more than 40 months, and the infrared imaging spectrometer (VNIS) it carried has measured infrared imaging spectral data at multiple locations along the rover’s walking route. VNIS is the main method used to study the composition of lunar soil and lunar surface rocks in the landing area and to trace their origin. However, factors such as space weathering, particle size and multiple scattering, the spectral response of the instrument, and observation conditions all affect the spectral characteristics and lead to large uncertainties in the mineral composition calculated from the lunar surface spectral data.

　　In order to quantitatively evaluate the reliability of different VNIS data processing methods, Chang Rui, a doctoral student in the Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, under the guidance of his supervisor researcher Yang Wei and associate researcher Lin Honglei, selected a mineral composition with Spectroscopic ground verification experiments were performed on the Suchang-gabbro with similar lunar highland rocks (Fig. 1). The rock (CR-1) studied by the ground verification experiment has an actual mineral pattern content of 12.9% olivine, 35.0% pyroxene and 52.2% plagioclase, as measured by scanning electron microscopy. In order to more accurately calculate the spectral results of CR-1, the researchers ground and sorted the olivine, low-calcium pyroxene, high-calcium pyroxene and plagioclase from the rock samples in CR-1. -4, ASD) to measure the visible-near-infrared spectral results of each single mineral (Fig. 2a), and each single mineral has its own spectral absorption characteristics. The spectrum of CR-1 measured by the VNIS identifier showed distinct absorption features at the 971 (±1) nm and 1957 (±8) nm bands (Fig. 2b). This absorption feature is similar to the rock absorption feature detected by VNIS on the Yutu-2 rover on the third day of the month. The Hapke model of the VNIS spectrum of CR-1 calculated the mineral pattern content of the sample to be 7.5% olivine, 39.3% pyroxene and 53.2% plagioclase, which were consistent with the true results within the error range.

　　According to the data processing method in this study combined with the photometric correction of the Chang’e-4 lunar surface data by Yang et al. (2020), the more accurate mineral model content of the rocks detected by the Yutu-2 rover on the third day should be 11.7 % olivine, 42.8% pyroxene and 45.5% plagioclase. The rover found another lunar surface rock on the 26th day with spectral absorption characteristics similar to those found on the 3rd day, with mineral pattern contents of 3.2% olivine, 24.6% pyroxene, and 72.2% plagioclase. The two lunar surface rocks belong to the sutraite category in the “Anorthosite-Norite-Troctolite” (ANT) system (Fig. 3) (Heiken G, 1991), which means that the Chang’e-4 landing area lunar The rock formations under the soil are mainly ANT rocks. The rocks detected by the Yutu-2 rover on the 26th day contained more plagioclase and were closer to the mineral composition of the average lunar crust.

　　To sum up, the lunar surface of the Chang’e-4 landing area has su-long and plagio-like rocks, which represent the material formed by the rapid crystallization in the impact melting pool and the composition of the average lunar crust, respectively. On the one hand, an impact event excavated material from the underlying layers of lunar soil to the lunar surface. These excavated materials have the characteristics of crystalline plutonic rocks in the molten pool of the South Pole Aitken Basin (SPA). On the other hand, the initial lunar crustal material formed before the SPA big impact event can also be retained in the SPA.

　　The related research results were published in Remote Sensing . The research work has been funded by the Strategic Pilot Science and Technology Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Key Deployment Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Innovation Interdisciplinary Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Civil Aerospace Pre-research Project of the National Space Administration, and the Key Deployment Project of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Figure 1. (a) The image of the lunar surface rock detected by Chang’e-4 on the third month; (b) the spectral detection status of the lunar surface rock (the yellow circle represents the near-infrared spectral detection field); (c) the ground verification of this study The rock used in the experiment (CR-1)

Figure 2. (a) Visible-NIR spectra of single minerals in CR-1; (b) VNIS spectra of rocks and CR-1 measured on the third day of Chang’e-4

Fig. 3. Mineral composition distribution of olivine-pyroxene-plagioclase in lunar surface rocks measured by Chang’e-4 (Heiken G, 1991). The lunar sample sampling points are marked in the figure, for example: A-11 is Apollo 11, L-16 is Luna 16, (H) and (M) represent high ground and lunar soil, respectively

Images and visuals are from their Respectives source Chinese Academy of Sciences .. 52 Sanlihe Rd., Xicheng District, Beijing, China (100864)- People’s Republic of China.

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #June2022 | #CMS #ChinaMannedSpace #Tiangong #ChinaSpaceStation #神舟十四号 #Shenzhou14 Crew do the daily’s Cleaning and exercises the typical work life balance..

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中国空间站 On currently on June 5th 2022, the Belt and Road Initiative CNSA –China National Space Administration   CSS China Space Station in which on a six months setting up a new home of the third crew of Tiangong Space Station – China Space Station Shenzhou 14  in which spending up to on for the further construction and verifications of the systems of the CSS –China Space Station 2022 launch calendar in which currently the third China Space Station crew Takionauts current Shenzhou 14 ……  Preparations for the six months of extension of the China Space Station  In which the currently it remains awaiting for the crew of setting up home in conducting fun scientifically onboard中国空间站..  China Space station ….. The three Shenzhou 14 crewmates will spend around six months aboard Tianhe, the core module of the Tiangong space station. They will be aboard to receive two new modules, named Wentian and Mengtian, which are due to launch in late July and October, respectively…. crew is expected to conduct 2-3 extravehicular activities (EVA) from Wentian lab module and continue to livestream lectures from the Tiangong space station.

On the week of 25th June 2022 it’s the Shenzhou 14 Crew of Takionaut刘洋 LiuYang,  陈冬 ChenDong, 蔡旭哲 Cai Xuhe…. In which doing the typical daily chores of living on the CNSA CSS China Space Station in which神舟十四号 the crew cleaning up the Space station’s Tianhe Core module in which Takionauts main module at the moment in which cleaning afterward the Takionauts carried out onboard exercise.. Currently the Takionauts are in all in good health conditions in orbit…..

Images and visuals are from their respectives.

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #June2022 |#西昌衛星發射中心 # XichangSatelliteLaunchCenter – Successfully launching the advance iconic cute #LongMarch2D #ChangZheng2D  #CarrierRocket deploying advance three
#RemoteSensing  #Satellites  Constellations..

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On the 23nd June 2022 on a Modest rain filled Day in  CNSA _China National Space Administration -China – People’s Republic of China At late morning 1022  Hours Hong Kong –Beijing Time on an. China successfully launched Satellites using the Chang Zheng Long March 2D carrier rocket at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center Sichuan Province, China – People’s Republic of China …..

The Chang Zheng Long March 2D Carrier Rocket successfully sent the remote sensing number 30 the satellites A, B and C of the 02 group of No. 5 were sent into the sun-synchronous orbit, and the launch mission was a complete success. The three satellites are mainly used for scientific experiments, land and resources census in provisions of mainly used for scientific experiments, land and resources census, agricultural production estimation, disaster prevention and mitigation and other fields and other fields. This is the 424th launch of the Chang Zheng Long March series of launch vehicles.

This launch is the 60th launch of the Chang Zheng Long March 2D carrier rocket, the 159th flight test of the Chang Zheng Long March series of carrier rockets developed by the Eighth Institute, and the 424th launch of the Chang Zheng Long March series of carrier rockets…

Images and visuals are from Weibo also their respectives.

#MadeInChina #中國製造| #ISpace #星际荣耀#InterstellarGlory #June2022 | #酒泉衛星發射中心 #JiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenter – #ChinesePrivateSpaceCompany –#ReusableCarrierRocket of the #Hyperbola2 #CarrierRocket #ReusableCarrierRocketEcosystem  verification rocket successfully completed the joint training mission of the whole ecosystem…

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On 15th May 2022 Hong Kong SAR – Beijing time at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center- Inner Mongolia-China – People’s Republic of China, Interstellar Glory Hyperbola-2 verification rocket successfully completed the joint training mission of the whole eco system  Onwardly that month of May 15th , 2022, Beijing Interstellar Glory Space Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Interstellar Glory”) successfully completed the double The full-process joint training of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen for the Curve 2 verification rocket marks a critical step for Interstellar Glory to the successful development of a reusable launch vehicle.


With the help and support of leaders at all levels of the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, the Hyperbola-2 verification rocket test team organized and carried out refueling preparations, power-up tests, liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen refueling, pre-cooling drills, emergency Works such as venting drills, simulated launch, and recovery processing have been completed, and the full-process operation exercise of refueling, launching, and landing recovery of the Hyperbola-2 verification rocket has been completed. Coordination, work adaptability of related products on the rocket and the ground in low temperature environment, the matching of the function of the filling gas supply system with the rocket, the correctness and integrity of the technical documents and operating procedures used in the test, and the completion of the refueling process. The evaluation of various working hours in the process of note, launch, and landing recovery has accumulated valuable test data and laid a solid foundation for the vertical take-off and landing (VTVL) flight test of a dual-low temperature reusable rocket.


“Hyperbolic 2 Reusable Small Liquid Launch Vehicle” is the main product with international competitiveness independently developed by Interstellar Glory. Hyperbola No. 2 is a two-stage small liquid launch vehicle with a maximum diameter of 3.35 meters. The first and second stages are equipped with the “Focus No. 1” 15-ton reusable variable-thrust liquid oxygen methane engine independently developed by Interstellar Glory; The take-off mass of the Hyperbola-2 carrier rocket is 90 tons, and the carrying capacity of the 500-kilometer SSO orbit is 1.5 tons (no recovery in the first stage) / 1 ton (recovery in the first stage… )

Hyperbola II: Reusable small liquid launch vehicle, adopts a two-stage series configuration, the first and second stages adopt 15-ton reusable liquid oxygen methane liquid rocket engine Focus No. 1 (JD-1), one of which 9 units are installed and 1 unit is installed in the second level. The diameter of the first-class rocket body is 3.35 meters, and the diameter of the second-class rocket body is 2.25 meters. The total length of the rocket is about 28 meters, the take-off weight is about 90 tons, the maximum carrying capacity of low-Earth orbit is 1.9 tons, and the carrying capacity of 500km SSO orbit is 1.1 tons (non-recovery)/0.7 tons (first-stage recovery). The first stage of the rocket has a vertical landing recovery function, which can be reused more than 30 times.

Hyperbolic III series liquid launch vehicle: medium and large reusable liquid launch vehicle, including SQX-3 basic type, SQX-3A (two-core stage parallel connection), SQX-3B (three-core stage parallel connection) three configurations, carrying Capability can meet the needs of a variety of load tasks. In addition to meeting large-scale satellite networking, medium and large-scale satellite launch tasks, it also has the capabilities of space station cargo transportation and deep space exploration also for Space Plane for crew transportation

Images-visuals are from Weibo and their respectives..

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #June2022 | #嫦娥五号#CLEP The #Moon #Change5 #LunarMission #MonsRumker #LunaExploration Announcement The new results reveal the distribution characteristics of lunar surface water in the landing area. The lunar soil contains water in the form of hydroxyl groups …

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More than One year ago on 24th November 2020, the Chang Zheng – Long March Five Carrier Rocket Launched away  in CNSA – China National Space Administration China Wenchang spaceport launch, Change Five  Lunar probe into orbit, opened up towards China – People’s Republic of China’s first celestial bodies sample return trip from Mons Rumker on the Lunar Surface.……  

[The new results of Chang’e 5 reveal the distribution characteristics of lunar surface water in the landing area. The lunar soil contains water in the form of hydroxyl groups]

On June 15, “Nature Communications” published an important research result of my country’s Chang’e 5 online.
Whether there is water on the moon, how much water there is, what form of water it is, and where the water comes from is controversial, and it has always been a research hotspot in lunar science. At the beginning of the Chang’e-5 mission project demonstration, the research team proposed to extend the spectral range of the lunar mineral spectrometer on the lander to 3.2 μm, and realized the first in-situ detection of the spectral absorption characteristics of lunar surface water in the world. In order to avoid the impact of the dynamic “water” (hydroxyl OH) when the engine plume and the solar wind bombard the lunar surface on the in-situ spectral analysis, the research team carefully designed the timing of acquiring the in-situ detection spectral data. The detection timing was selected 6 hours after landing to avoid the influence of the engine plume composition when the CE-5 probe landed; The dynamic “water” of the lunar surface; the moon (landing zone) is under the protection of the earth’s magnetic field during the spectral measurement, which shields the solar wind and avoids the dynamic “water” (hydroxyl OH) factor produced by the bombardment of the solar wind. In this environment, the Chang’e-5 spectrometer can obtain a “clean” absorption spectrum of “water”. After strict correction and analysis, the research team found that the lunar soil in the Chang’e-5 landing area obviously contains “water” in the form of hydroxyl groups. But the average content is low, only about 30ppm.



At present, it is believed that there are three main sources of lunar “water”: one is (dynamic) hydroxyl substances produced by the interaction between solar wind particles and lunar surface materials; the other is water and hydroxyl-containing substances brought by comets or meteorites that hit the moon; Lunar primary (internal) water. After the lunar samples were returned to Earth, the research team conducted a systematic analysis of the returned lunar samples in the laboratory. The laboratory spectral analysis once again verified the clear existence of hydroxy water, but the research on the existence form, content and source of “water” requires detailed research. Mineral petrological analysis. The Apollo lunar sample study believes that the (impact) cemented glass in the lunar soil contains hydroxyl substances formed by the long-term injection of the solar wind, and the content of cemented glass is an important factor affecting the “water” content in the lunar sample. Laboratory analysis of the returned samples showed that the Chang’e 5 lunar sample is a type of young basalt with a very small content of cemented glass (less than 16%), which is only 1/3 of the Apollo 11 lunar sample, so it is estimated that the Chang’e 5 lunar soil sample The “water” from the solar wind injected into the cemented glass is not more than 18ppm. At the same time, the foreign impact sputters in the lunar soil samples of the Chang’e-5 landing area are very low, and their contribution to “water” can be ignored. Therefore, there must be primary water originating from the interior of the moon in the Chang’e-5 lunar soil samples. Laboratory analysis of the Chang’e-5 lunar samples found at least one hydrous mineral, hydroxyapatite, whose content was uneven, ranging from 0 ppm to 179 ppm (average about 17 ppm) in equivalent samples of hydroxy water, proving that The presence of “water” from the magma crystallization process in the Chang’e-5 lunar soil samples indicates that “water” not only existed, but also played a very important role in the late lunar magmatic activity.


The lunar in-situ detection spectral data of this research result were obtained by the Lunar Mineral Spectrum Analyzer developed by the Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The operation management, data reception and processing of the scientific detection load were carried out by the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Lunar Exploration Engineering Ground Application System).

Via CNSA China Space Administration –CLEP China Lunar Exploration project management office