On 3rd December 2020 Thursday, the Beijing flight control team of the CNSA China National Space Administration– CLEP- China Lunar Exploration Program Belt and Road Initiative Mons Rumker Luna Mission – At 23:10 Hong Kong Beijing time on December 3rd Thursday 2020, the 3000N engine of the Chang’e-5 ascender worked for about 6 minutes and successfully sent the ascender carrying the sample to the scheduled orbit around the moon. This is the first time that my country has realized the take-off of an extraterrestrial body.
Unlike ground take-off, the Chang’e-5 ascender does not have a mature launch tower system for lunar take-off. The lander is equivalent to the “temporary tower” of the ascender. The plume diversion space is limited and the earth-moon environment is different; in addition, because there is no navigation constellation on the moon, after the ascender takes off, it needs to use its own special sensors to realize autonomous positioning and attitude determination with the help of ground measurement and control.
Before taking off, the upper assembly is used to realize the deployment of the lunar flag and the unlocking and separation of the ascender and the lander. This national flag deployment is the first time that my country has achieved an “independent display” of the national flag on the surface of the moon. In the photo, the national flag in the hands of “Chang’e” is shining in the sun, and the “Chinese red” on the moon is particularly bright. After igniting take-off, the ascender undergoes three stages of vertical ascent, attitude adjustment and orbit injection, and enters the scheduled orbit around the moon. Subsequently, the ascender will rendezvous and dock with the orbital assembly waiting around the moon and transfer the lunar sample to the returner, which will wait for a suitable lunar-earth entrance window to prepare for its return to Earth.
飞离月球——嫦娥五号上升器进入预定轨道 实现我国首次地外天体起飞
12月3日23时10分，嫦娥五号上升器3000N发动机工作约6分钟，成功将携带样品的上升器送入到预定环月轨道。这是我国首次实现地外天体起飞。
与地面起飞不同，嫦娥五号上升器月面起飞不具备成熟的发射塔架系统，着陆器相当于上升器的“临时塔架”，上升器起飞面临起飞初始基准与起飞平台姿态不确定、发动机羽流导流空间受限、地月环境差异等挑战；另外由于月球上没有导航星座，上升器起飞后，需在地面测控辅助下，借助自身携带的特殊敏感器实现自主定位、定姿。
点火起飞前，着上组合体实现月面国旗展开以及上升器、着陆器的解锁分离。此次国旗展开是我国在月球表面首次实现国旗的“独立展示”，照片中“嫦娥”手中的国旗在阳光的照耀下，月球上的一抹“中国红”格外鲜艳。点火起飞后，上升器经历垂直上升、姿态调整和轨道射入三个阶段，进入预定环月飞行轨道。随后，上升器将与环月等待的轨返组合体交会对接，将月球样品转移到返回器，后者将等待合适的月地入射窗口，做好返回地球的准备。
On 1st December 2020 Tuesday, the flight control team of the China National Space Administration- CLEP- China Lunar Exploration Program Belt and Road Initiative – Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center Chang’e 5 mission implemented the at 23:11 Hong Kong- Beijing time on December 1st 2020, the Chang’e-5 probe successfully landed on the front of the moon in a preselected area near 51.8 degrees west longitude and 43.1 degrees north latitude, and returned the landing image.
At 22:57 on December 1st, the Chang’e-5 probe’s onboard assembly began a power drop from about 15 kilometers away from the lunar surface. The 7,500 Nm variable thrust engine was turned on, and the probe’s longitudinal velocity relative to the moon was gradually increased from 1.7 km/ The second dropped to zero, during which the probe adjusted its attitude and landed smoothly in the area north of the Rumker Mountains in the stormy ocean on the front of the moon. During the landing, the landing camera equipped with the lander took an image of the landing area.
After a successful landing, the lander underground control has carried out state inspections and settings such as the deployment of the solar wing and the directional antenna, and will officially start working on the lunar surface for about 2 days, collecting about 2 kilograms of lunar samples. .
There are two ways to “dig out special products”
Why choose to land in the northeast of the storm ocean?
In general, the choice of the landing area of Chang’e 5 should take into account engineering feasibility and scientific value. First of all, the north-eastern part of the storm ocean is flat, with good communication conditions, and ideal light and temperature. In addition, the north-eastern part of the storm ocean has relatively high latitude. Human probes have not visited on-site before, so choosing to land here for sampling is representative.
What preparations have been made for sampling? How will sampling be carried out?
Before the mission was implemented, the scientific research team simulated hundreds of lunar soil on the ground and conducted thousands of experiments. After the moon falls, sampling will be implemented in two steps, namely drilling and table extraction. Surface samples are obtained from the surface layer of the moon through a robotic arm; samples of the moon about 2 meters deep under the surface of the moon are drilled and collected, and the original layered structure of the samples is maintained.
12月1日23时11分，嫦娥五号探测器成功着陆在月球正面西经51.8度、北纬43.1度附近的预选区域，并传回着陆影像图。
12月1日22时57分，嫦娥五号探测器着上组合体从距离月面约15公里处开始实施动力下降，7500牛变推力发动机开机，逐步将探测器相对月球纵向速度从1.7公里/秒降为零，期间探测器进行姿态调整，平稳着陆于月球正面风暴洋的吕姆克山脉以北地区。着陆过程中，着陆器配置的降落相机拍摄了着陆区域影像图。
成功着陆后，着陆器在地面控制下，进行了太阳翼和定向天线展开等状态检查与设置，将正式开始持续约2天的月面工作，采集2千克左右的月球样品。
着陆地点有讲究，两种方式“挖特产”
为什么选择着陆在风暴洋东北部？
总体来说，嫦娥五号着陆区域的选择要兼顾工程可行性和科学价值。首先，风暴洋东北部地势平坦，通信条件好，光照和温度较为理想。此外，风暴洋东北部区域纬度较高，此前人类探测器尚未实地造访过，选择在此着陆采样具有一定的代表性。
采样做了那些准备？将怎样开展取样？
任务实施前，科研团队在地面模拟了几百种月壤，进行了几千次试验。落月后将分两步实施采样，即钻取和表取。表取通过机械臂获取不同位置的表层月球样品；钻取采集月表下约2米深月球样品，并保持样品原有的层理结构。
At 4:53 on December 2, the lunar exploration project Chang’e-5 lander and ascender assembly completed the lunar drilling sampling and packaging. After the probe successfully landed on the lunar surface at 23:00 on December 1, it carried out relevant preparations such as the deployment of the solar wing and the unlocking of the mechanism. Currently, the lander and ascender combination is undergoing table sampling as planned. The automatic sampling task of the Chang’e-5 detector adopts the combination of surface drilling and multi-point sampling, and two “digging” modes of drilling tool drilling and robotic arm surface sampling are designed.
12月2日4时53分，探月工程嫦娥五号着陆器和上升器组合体完成了月球钻取采样及封装。探测器于12月1日23时许成功着陆月面后，开展了太阳翼展开、机构解锁等相关准备工作。目前，着陆器和上升器组合体正按计划进行表取采样。嫦娥五号探测器自动采样任务采用表钻结合，多点采样的方式，设计了钻具钻取和机械臂表取两种“挖土”模式。
On November 30TH 2020 Monday, the flight control team of the China National Space Administration- CLEP- China Lunar Exploration Program- Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center Chang’e 5 mission implemented the lander and ascender combination – ( hereinafter referred to as the upper combination) and the orbiter and returner combination (hereinafter referred to as the orbital return combination) as planned ) Separation.
At 4:40 in the Hong Kong – Beijing morning time, under the precise control of scientific and technical personnel, the Chang’e-5 detector assembly separated smoothly. The orbit-back assembly will continue to fly in an orbit around the moon with an average altitude of about 200 kilometers, waiting for the ascender to rendezvous and dock. The upper assembly will choose an opportunity to soft land in the pre-selected area and carry out subsequent tasks such as automatic sampling.
11月30日，探月工程嫦娥五号任务飞行控制团队按计划实施着陆器和上升器组合体（以下简称着上组合体）与轨道器和返回器组合体（以下简称轨返组合体）分离。
凌晨4时40分，在科技人员精确控制下，嫦娥五号探测器组合体顺利分离。轨返组合体将继续在平均高度约200公里的环月轨道上飞行，等待上升器交会对接。着上组合体将择机软着陆于预选区域，开展自动采样等后续任务。
[Successful separation of the Chang’e-5 probe assembly] The separation is for better gathering. However, when we meet again, the lander will stay on the surface of the moon, looking at home on the earth. Perhaps, with the development of science and technology, one day in the future, someone will go to the moon to see it, and even bring it back to its home on the earth….. The orbiter and returner assembly will continue to fly in an orbit around the moon with an average altitude of about 200 kilometers and wait for the ascender to rendezvous and dock. The lander and ascender assembly will choose the opportunity to perform a soft landing on the lunar surface, and perform subsequent work such as automatic sampling
The 8.2-metric ton Chang’e 5, China’s largest and most sophisticated lunar probe, was launched by a Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket early on Tuesday morning at the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan province, undertaking the world’s first mission since 1976 to return lunar samples to Earth.
Before the latest manoeuvre, Chang’e 5 carried out two orbital corrections and two braking operations.
After touchdown on the lunar surface, the lander-ascender combination will begin to engage in tasks such as using a technically advanced drill to retrieve rocks from 2 meters beneath the surface, and gathering soil from the surface with a mechanical arm.
If everything proceeds smoothly, around 2 kilograms of stones and soil will be collected and packed in a vacuum-sealed metal container inside the ascender.
After two days, when the surface operations are completed, a 3,000-newton-thrust engine on the ascender will lift it to rendezvous and dock with the re-entry module. It will transfer the lunar samples to the module and then separate from it.
The combination of orbiter and re-entry capsule will then return to the Earth’s orbit, where the pair will break up and the re-entry capsule will conduct a series of complicated Maneuvers to return to a preset landing site in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region in mid-December.
If the entire mission is successful, it will be China’s first time to successfully retrieve an extraterrestrial substance. Furthermore, it will make China the third nation, after the United States and the Soviet Union, to bring samples back from the moon……
On 20:23 on November 29th Sunday 2020, Hong Kong- Beijing time The Chang’e-5 probe brakes again and enters a nearly circular orbit around the moon….. According to the China National Space Administration- CLEP- China Lunar Exploration Program at 20:23 on November 29, Beijing time, the Chang’e-5 probe “brakes” again at the near-moon point. From an elliptical orbit around the moon to a nearly circular orbit around the moon. Later, the Chang’e-5 probe will choose an opportunity to separate the lander and ascender combination from the orbiter and returner combination. The lander and ascender combination will carry out a frontal soft landing on the moon, and automatic sampling of the lunar surface will be carried out as planned the picture shows the first near-moon braking picture…… Later, the Chang’e-5 probe will choose an opportunity to separate the lander and ascender combination from the orbiter and returner combination. The lander and ascender combination will carry out a soft landing on the moon’s front, and carry out tasks such as automatic lunar surface sampling as planned
11月29日20时23分，嫦娥五号探测器在近月点再次“刹车”，从椭圆环月轨道变为近圆形环月轨道。
后续，嫦娥五号探测器将择机实施着陆器和上升器组合体与轨道器和返回器组合体的受控分离。着陆器和上升器组合体将进行月球正面软着陆，按计划开展月面自动采样等工作。
Previously.. On at 20:58 on November 28th 2020 Saturday, Hong Kong- Beijing time The Chang’e-5 probe successfully implemented the “brake” braking and successfully entered the orbit around the moon….. According to the China National Space Administration- CLEP- China Lunar Exploration Program , at 20:58 on November 28, Beijing time, the Chang’e-5 probe flew to the moon after about 112 hours. The 3,000-N engine ignition was successfully implemented at a distance of about 400 kilometers from the lunar surface. About 17 minutes later, the engine shut down normally. According to the monitoring and judgment of real-time telemetry data, the Chang’e-5 probe braked normally in recent months and entered the orbit around the moon smoothly. Near-moon braking is one of the key orbital controls during the flight of the lunar probe. When the high-speed probe approaches the moon, it will apply “brake” braking, in order to make its relative speed lower than the moon’s escape speed, so that it will be captured by the moon’s gravity. The Chang’e-5 probe underwent two orbit corrections during the Earth-Moon transfer process and achieved the expected goal. In the future, the Chang’e-5 probe will adjust the height and inclination of the orbit around the moon, the lander and ascender assembly will be separated from the orbiter and returner assembly, implement the lunar frontal soft landing, and carry out the lunar surface automatic sampling as planned. .
During the every so constant delicate tracking at Xi’an Satellite Measurement and Control Center successfully completed the first near-month brake measurement and control work of Chang’e-5] “The near-month brake orbit control is turned on!” “Linhai’s tracking is normal! The remote data is normal!” At 20:00 on November 28 At 58 minutes and 38 seconds, the Jiamusi Deep Space Station of the Xi’an Satellite Measurement and Control Center successfully placed a remote control command from the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center. The engine of the Chang’e-5 probe was successfully ignited and the engine shut down normally after 17 minutes. According to real-time telemetry data monitoring and judgment, the Chang’e-5 probe successfully entered an elliptical orbit around the moon, and the first near-moon braking was a complete success……
11月28日20时58分，嫦娥五号探测器经过约112小时奔月飞行，在距月面400公里处成功实施3000牛发动机点火，约17分钟后，发动机正常关机。根据实时遥测数据监视判断，嫦娥五号探测器近月制动正常，顺利进入环月轨道。
近月制动是月球探测器飞行过程中关键的轨道控制之一。高速飞行的探测器在靠近月球时，实施“刹车”制动，目的是使其相对速度低于月球逃逸速度，从而被月球引力捕获。
嫦娥五号探测器在地月转移过程中经历了2次轨道修正，达到预期目标。后续，嫦娥五号探测器将再进行一次近月制动，将椭圆环月轨道调整为近圆形环月轨道。
Previously more……Onto 22 hours and six minutes into on November 24th 2020, the 3000N engine of the Chang’e-5 probe worked for more than 2 seconds, successfully completed the first orbit correction, and continued to fly to the moon. As of the first orbit correction, the systems of the Chang’e-5 probe were in good condition and had been in orbit for about 17 hours, about 160,000 kilometers away from the earth.
During the flight of the Chang’e-5 probe, affected by various factors, it will produce orbit deviation. It is necessary to determine the deviation between the actual flight orbit of the probe and the designed orbit, and complete the corresponding orbit control to ensure that the probe is always flying in the proper on track.
The Chang’e-5 mission launched into orbit with high accuracy, and the orbit correction is very small this time.
11月24日22时6分，嫦娥五号探测器3000N发动机工作2秒多，顺利完成第一次轨道修正，继续飞向月球。截至第一次轨道修正时，嫦娥五号探测器各系统状态良好，已在轨飞行约17个小时，距离地球约16万公里。
嫦娥五号探测器在飞行过程中，受各种因素影响，会产生轨道偏差，需要测定探测器实际飞行轨道与设计轨道之间的偏差，完成对应的轨道控制，确保探测器始终飞行在适当的轨道上。
嫦娥五号任务发射入轨精度很高，本次轨道修正量很小。
In which On early 24th November 2020 on a very mid early morning Tuesday of 0530 Hong Kong- Beijing Time in which succefully launched the CNSA –CLEP China National Space Administration- China Lunar Exploration – Belt and Road initiative Lunar Mission ….. Launching from Wenchang Spacecraft launch center – Hainan Province – China- People’s Republic of China… the previous day the Staff of Wenchang about 18:30 on November 23, 2020, the Long March 5 Yaowu carrier rocket began to refill liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen cryogenic propellant, and it is planned to be implemented at 4 am to 5 am on the 24th. Launch mission. This is the second applied launch of the Long March 5 series of carrier rockets, which will transport the lunar exploration project Chang’e 5 probe to the Earth-Moon transfer orbit, and implement my country’s first extraterrestrial celestial body sampling and return mission. The launch window time of the Long March 5 Yaowu rocket is based on comprehensive consideration of the earth-moon position relationship and other factors, and the best launch time is selected after orbital design…..
During the early morning crowds from all over China travelled and gathered all around the view placements locations with the best views of the launching of the Change 5 with the Long March –Chang Zheng 5 Carrier Rocket..
the Belt and Road Initiative Lunar Change5 return sample planned landing zone is Mons Rumker in Oceanus Procellarum, located in the northwest region of the near side of the Moon…… The location is a large, elevated volcanic mound 70 km in diameter that features a strong spectroscopic signature of basaltic lunar mare material.
The mission is reported to consist of four modules or elements: the lander would collect about 2 kg of samples from 2 metres below the surface and place them in an attached ascent vehicle that will be launched into lunar orbit. The ascent vehicle will make an automatic rendezvous and docking with an orbiter that would transfer the samples into a sample-return capsule for their delivery to Earth…. Change5 lunar lander equipment payload composite off…. The lander will carry landing cameras, a panoramic camera, a spectrometer to determine mineral composition, a soil gas analytical instrument, a soil composition analytical instrument, a sampling sectional thermo-detector, and a ground-penetrating radar…….. For acquiring samples, it will be equipped with a robotic arm, a rotary-percussive drill, a scoop for sampling, and separation tubes to isolate individual samples……
After the Long March 5 Yaowu carrier rocket was launched into space, it carried out four separations, including booster separation, fairing separation, primary and secondary separation, and rocket separation. The Chang’e-5 probe consists of four parts: the orbiter, the returner, the lander, and the ascender. After the earth-moon transfer, near-moon braking, and circumlunar flight, the lander and ascender combination will be combined with the orbiter and return The orbiter assembly is separated, the orbiter carries the returner to stay in orbit, and the lander carries the ascender to choose an opportunity to implement a soft landing on the lunar front preselected area, and carry out follow-up work such as automatic lunar surface sampling as planned.
According to the China National Space Administration, the Chang’e-5 mission plans to achieve three major engineering goals: First, breakthrough key technologies such as narrow window multi-orbit binding launch, automatic lunar surface sampling and packaging, lunar take-off, lunar orbital rendezvous and docking, and lunar sample storage. Improve the level of China’s aerospace technology; the second is to realize China’s first automatic sampling and return of extraterrestrial celestial bodies to promote major progress in China’s science and technology; the third is to improve the lunar exploration engineering system and accumulate important talents for China’s future manned moon landings and deep-space exploration Technology and material basis.
The scientific goals of the Chang’e-5 mission are mainly to carry out the landform area detection and geological background survey, obtain the on-site analysis data related to the lunar samples, establish the connection between the on-site exploration data and the laboratory analysis data; carry out the system of the lunar samples , Long-term laboratory research to analyse the structure, physical properties, and material composition of the lunar soil, and deepen the research on the origin and evolution of the moon.
China’s lunar exploration project is a national key science and technology special landmark project clearly defined in the “National Medium and Long-term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020)”. It is a major project to promote the development of aerospace industry, promote scientific and technological progress and innovation, and improve comprehensive national strength. Strategic decision. Since the project was established and officially launched in January 2004, five missions including Chang’e 1, Chang’e 2, Chang’e 3, re-entry flight test and Chang’e 4 have been successfully implemented. This launch mission is the 353rd flight of the Long March series of carrier rockets.
Images and visuals are from Weibo..
