Tag: lunar mission

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BRI #October2022 | #嫦娥五号#CLEP the #Moon #Change5 #MonsRumker lunar soil reveals a great mystery…!

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More than One year ago on 24th November 2020, the Chang Zheng – Long March Five Carrier Rocket Launched away  in CNSA – China National Space Administration China Wenchang spaceport launch, Change Five  Lunar probe into orbit, opened up towards China – People’s Republic of China’s first celestial bodies sample return trip from Mons Rumker on the Lunar Surface of the moon New research achievements – Chinese scientists reveal the composition of lunar soil minerals and space wind at the landing site of Chang’e 5

On the week of 17th October 2022, The Returning lunar soil samples Chang’e 5 Mons Rumker lunar soil reveals a great mystery!…… Why the moon still has volcanic activity 2 billion years ago Chang’e 5 lunar soil, revealing a big mystery!  Chinese scientists have proposed a new model of lunar thermal evolution based on the study of the Chang’e-5 lunar soil, revealing a mystery that has plagued the academic world: why the moon still had volcanic activity 2 billion years ago.

This is a schematic diagram of the magma and thermal evolution of the moon in different periods (drawn on October 20, 2022). Published by Xinhua News Agency (Photo courtesy of Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Chinese scientists have proposed a new model of lunar thermal evolution based on the study of the Chang’e 5 lunar soil, revealing a mystery that has plagued academia: why the moon still had volcanic activity 2 billion years ago.

According to Chen Yi, a researcher at the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the moon was formed about 4.5 billion years ago, and its mass is only about 1% of that of the earth. For such a small celestial body, in theory, it should cool rapidly and stop volcanoes very early. Activity and become a “dead” planet.
The return of Chang’e-5 lunar soil samples has triggered a new round of lunar research upsurge. In October 2021, Chinese scientists published three articles in the journal “Nature”, revealing that lunar volcanic activity could last until 2 billion years ago, refreshing human understanding of the history of lunar magma activity and thermal evolution.
According to experts, lunar basalt is a rock formed by the partial melting of the lunar mantle (equivalent to the earth’s mantle) through volcanic eruptions to the lunar surface to cool and crystallize. International scholars have put forward two hypotheses about the partial melting of the continuously cooling lunar mantle: one is that the heat generated by radioactive elements causes the lunar mantle to heat up; the other hypothesis is that if the water content is high, the melting point of the lunar mantle will be lowered.
However, Chinese scientists’ research on the Chang’e-5 basalt revealed that the lunar mantle source region is not rich in radioactive heat-generating elements and is very “dry”, ruling out the above two hypotheses. Therefore, why the lunar volcanism has continued for so long has become an unsolved mystery in a new round of lunar research.

Yuan Jiangyan, an engineer at the Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electron Probe Laboratory of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, analyzes the composition of the Chang’e-5 lunar soil (photo taken on October 14, 2022). Published by Xinhua News Agency (Photo courtesy of Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

In response to this problem, Chen Yi led the scientific research team to select 27 representative Chang’e 5 basalt cuttings, and used the newly developed scanning electron microscope energy spectrum quantitative scanning technology to analyze the main components of the whole rock cuttings, combined with a series of The petrological and thermodynamic simulation calculations have successfully recovered the initial magma composition of the Chang’e-5 basalt, and compared it with the initial magma of the Apollo samples to deduce their origin depth and temperature.
The study found that the initial magma of the young Chang’e-5 basalt contained more calcium and titanium than the Apollo samples, suggesting that the mantle source region of the Chang’e-5 basalt had more additions of calcium-rich and titanium-rich materials. This part of the material is precisely the product of the late crystallization of the lunar magma ocean, and has the characteristics of being fusible. Its addition will significantly reduce the melting point of the lunar mantle and induce partial melting of the lunar mantle to form young lunar basalts. Further simulation results show that the moon’s interior has experienced continuous cooling for more than a billion years, and the temperature has only dropped by about 80 degrees Celsius.


Chen Yi said that this study shows that although the interior of the moon continues to cool slowly, the fusible components crystallized in the late lunar magma ocean are continuously added to the deep lunar mantle, which not only “supplements calcium and titanium” for the lunar mantle, but also lowers the lunar mantle. the melting point, thereby overcoming the slow cooling lunar interior environment and triggering long-lasting lunar volcanism.


The results were published in the latest issue of the American journal Science Advances.

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 | #央视军事 #October2022 | A set of figures to see the An Awesome endeavouring ten-year development of China’s aerospace- space  industry of team effort of space science exploration.

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On the week of 16th October 2022 CNSA –China National Space Administration    China’s Tiangong China Space Station 神舟十四号Shenzhou 14 Takionaut crew of Month 16TH October 2022 the Crew刘洋 LiuYang陈冬 ChenDong蔡旭哲 CaiXuhe …. The furthest audience, Takionauts watch 20th Session of the CPC National Congress on the China space station At 10:00 Morning Hong Kong SAR Beijing Time on October 16, 2022, the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China opened. General Secretary Xi Jinping, on behalf of the 19th Central Committee, told the conference make a report. The Shenzhou 14 astronaut crew watched the grand opening of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China at the Chinese Space Station. Under the leadership of the party and the country, China’s manned spaceflight will not forget its original intention, keep its mission in mind, and make unremitting efforts to build a strong country in science and technology and achieve high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-reliance! Hello Twenty……

In which during that week celebrating the CPC 20th National Congress……  A set of milestone figures look at the development of China- People’s Republic of China’s aerospace Space exploration industry in ten years 400 kilometers is the distance from the earth to the low-Earth orbit in space. In 10 years, 11 astronauts entered space; 380,000 kilometers is the distance from the earth to the moon, in 10 years , the lunar exploration project has successfully completed the three-step strategy of “circling, falling, and returning”; 400 million kilometers is the distance from the earth to Mars, and the “Zhurong” rover has travelled nearly 2,000 meters… This set of figures records China The journey of spaceflight ……

Images and visuals are from their respectives.

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BRI #September2022 | #嫦娥五号#CLEP The #Moon #Change5 onwards to Change8 #LunarMission #中秋節 #MidAutumnFestival 2022 The fourth phase of the lunar exploration project has been approved, and the basic production of Chang’e-6 products has been completed…

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More than One year ago on 24th November 2020, the Chang Zheng – Long March Five Carrier Rocket Launched away  in CNSA – China National Space Administration China Wenchang spaceport launch, Change Five  Lunar probe into orbit, opened up towards China – People’s Republic of China’s first celestial bodies sample return trip from Mons Rumker on the Lunar Surface of the moon New research achievements – Chinese scientists reveal the composition of lunar soil minerals and space wind at the landing site of Chang’e 5

The fourth phase of the lunar exploration project has been approved, and the basic production of Chang’e-6 products has been completed…… The CNSA- China National Space Administration announced yesterday that China- People’s Republic of China’s lunar exploration project has made new progress. The fourth phase of the lunar exploration project has been approved by the state and is progressing smoothly. According to sources, the fourth phase of the lunar exploration project includes the Chang’e 6, Chang’e 7 and Chang’e 8 missions, which will be implemented successively in the next ten years. Among them, Chang’e 6 is the backup of Chang’e 5, which has the function of sampling and returning, and will go to the far side of the moon to perform missions. The production of Chang’e 6 has basically been completed. Combined with the first visit of Chang’e 4 to the back of the moon, after the demonstration of engineers and scientists in the early stage, the back of the moon is also taken into consideration. ….

Via CNSA China Space Administration –CLEP China Lunar Exploration project management office

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BRI #August2022 | #嫦娥五号#CLEP The #Moon #Change5 #LunarMission #MonsRumker #LunaExploration the New research achievements – Chinese scientists reveal the composition of lunar soil minerals and space wind at the landing site of Chang’e 5…

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More than One year ago on 24th November 2020, the Chang Zheng – Long March Five Carrier Rocket Launched away  in CNSA – China National Space Administration China Wenchang spaceport launch, Change Five  Lunar probe into orbit, opened up towards China – People’s Republic of China’s first celestial bodies sample return trip from Mons Rumker on the Lunar Surface of the moon New research achievements – Chinese scientists reveal the composition of lunar soil minerals and space wind at the landing site of Chang’e 5

China – People’s Republic of China’s first lunar sampling return mission, Chang’e-5 (CE-5), landed on the young KREEP terrane Mons Rumker in the northern part of the Ocean of Storms, and successfully brought back 1731 grams of lunar soil.

 Predecessors have used orbital remote sensing data to conduct extensive research on the topography and material composition of the CE-5 landing area. Recently, a series of sample analyses have advanced the understanding of lunar chronology, late lunar volcanism, and magma evolution mechanisms. Different from large-scale remote sensing observation and fine sample analysis, in situ spectral detection can not only provide local background information of the sampling area, but also be beneficial to study the characteristics of lunar soil in undisturbed and disturbed states. The Lunar Mineral Spectrometer (LMS) carried by the CE-5 lander acquired the visible-infrared reflectance spectrum of the lunar soil, which provided important data support for the study of the material composition of the lunar soil and space weathering.

Researchers from the Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather of the National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the “Space Center”) used the Chang’e-5 LMS in situ detection data to analyse the material composition and maturity, spectral parameters and unmixing of the lunar soil at the landing site The study shows that the mafic minerals in the lunar soil are mainly clinopyroxene, which is consistent with the chemical analysis and orbital spectral analysis results of the CE-5 sample in the laboratory.

The optical maturity and submicroscopic iron (SMFe) of the lunar soil did not change significantly before and after the rocket purge and shovel sampling. This study provides spectral evidence that the lunar soil surface experienced rapid tillage and adequate mixing.

Figure 1: (A) The measured field of view of the LMS spectral data is shown in the red box. Panoramic cameras show images of (B) lunar soil and (C) rocks, respectively. (D) LMS reflectance spectrum curve.

The red box in Figure 1A shows the observation field of LMS spectral data, where D11 is the rock block, and D14-D16 are the lunar soil spectra after shovelling. The magnified images of lunar soil and rocks are shown in Figure 1B and C, and Figure 1D shows the reflectance spectrum curve after preprocessing such as radiometric calibration and thermal correction.

Through the spectral parameter map of the absorption features at 1 μm and 2 μm (Fig. 2A), it was found that with the increase of calcium content, the absorption positions of pyroxene at 1 μm and 2 μm moved to the long-wave direction, and the lunar soil and rocks at the CE-5 landing site For high-calcium pyroxene, this is further confirmed in the 1 μm absorption center and the ratio projection of the 2 μm to 1 μm absorption area (Fig. 2B).

In this study, the Hapke model and the sparse unmixing algorithm were used to invert the mineral composition and abundance of the in situ spectra. The inversion results were consistent with the analysis results of CE-5 samples and the inversion results of orbital remote sensing (Fig.

Figure 2: LMS in situ spectral composition analysis

Space weathering is a common phenomenon of spectral reddening and darkening caused by micrometeorite impacts and solar wind injection on non-atmospheric celestial bodies.

First, the maturity of the lunar soil at the CE-5 landing site was qualitatively analyzed by using the projection maps of the spectral slopes R950/R750 and R1600/R700 and R750 and R700 respectively (Fig. 3A, B). It was found that compared with the lunar soil at the CE-4 landing site, the The lunar soil in the CE-3 and CE-5 landing areas is relatively immature, which may be related to the fact that CE-3 and CE-5 landed on a young impact crater sputter carpet (<100 Ma).

This study further calculated the optical maturity (OMAT, Fig. 3C) and submicroscopic iron (SMFe, Fig. 3D) content, and found that there was no significant change in lunar soil maturity before and after the rocket purge, and before and after scooping, indicating CE-5 landing The lunar soil in the district has experienced an equivalent exposure history within the scooping depth (<3cm).

This result is consistent with the radionuclide analysis results of the Apollo drilling samples and the simulation results of the lunar soil tillage model. This study provides spectroscopic evidence that the lunar soil surface undergoes rapid tillage and adequate mixing.

Figure 3: LMS In Situ Spectral Maturity Analysis

Space weathering is a common phenomenon of spectral reddening and darkening caused by micrometeorite impacts and solar wind injection on non-atmospheric celestial bodies.

First, the maturity of the lunar soil at the CE-5 landing site was qualitatively analyzed by using the projection maps of the spectral slopes R950/R750 and R1600/R700 and R750 and R700 respectively (Fig. 3A, B). It was found that compared with the lunar soil at the CE-4 landing site, the The lunar soil in the CE-3 and CE-5 landing areas is relatively immature, which may be related to the fact that CE-3 and CE-5 landed on a young impact crater sputter carpet (<100 Ma).

This study further calculated the optical maturity (OMAT, Fig. 3C) and submicroscopic iron (SMFe, Fig. 3D) content, and found that there was no significant change in lunar soil maturity before and after the rocket purge, and before and after scooping, indicating CE-5 landing The lunar soil in the district has experienced an equivalent exposure history within the scooping depth (<3cm).

This result is consistent with the radionuclide analysis results of the Apollo drilling samples and the simulation results of the lunar soil tillage model. This study provides spectroscopic evidence that the lunar soil surface undergoes rapid tillage and adequate mixing.

上述研究成果

已成功发表于国际权威学术期刊

Earth and Planetary Science Letters上。

Via CNSA China Space Administration –CLEP China Lunar Exploration project management office

#CNSA #ChinaNationalSpaceAdministration #国家航天局 |#BeltAndRoadinitiative #August2022 #MAY2023 |  #YoukuDocumentary #PeoplesDaily # 北京航天飞行控制中心 #北京 #BeijingAerospaceFlightControlCenter #北京明白#Beijing understands Post 90’s girl #BaoShuo The First female Dispatcher commander ..

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CNSA –China National Space Administration ….. Returning to the Television and media Screens on Youku Documentary Variety is   Searching for the night returner the latest preview of the third season of “The Night Returning” is coming. Bao Shuo, the chief dispatcher of the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center, is about to show her night return story. In order to say “Beijing understands”, she repeatedly practiced a calm voice and more the ability to parallelize tasks, work hard to exercise, and hope to better stick to the post. One person’s experience condenses the efforts of generations of predecessors. Let’s witness her space dream together

Sampling of the lunar surface! 在380,000km外拍娃是一种的感觉 Controlling Chang’e-5 from the earth to “dig soil” on the moon, how difficult is this process? Bao Shuo, dispatcher of the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center, described it as like catching a doll 380,000 kilometers away, with an accuracy of 1 millimeter.

北京明白””Beijing understands”

Beijing understands that there are hundreds of people behind it  In the live broadcast of China’s aerospace launch, the “Beijing understands” that the Beijing Flight Control Center received a report and answered was impressive. In fact, behind every “Beijing understands”, there are hundreds of “understands”. Behind every sentence “understood”, it is the space workers who ensure that every plan and every instruction is in place. Chinese Space engineers and Takionauts 24 hours guarding the home of space, paying tribute to China Aerospace- space Industry..

Bao Shuo, a “post-90s” girl, is the first female dispatcher at the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center. From “Chang’e 5” to “Tianwen No. 1”, the excellent completion of the mission has made many people remember this young but calm face. Bao Shuo said that every time She said the words “Beijing understands”, there was an extremely difficult responsibility behind it. #searching for Yeguiren… In the third season, see how the Beijing general dispatcher who ordered “Bafang” was made?  I didn’t expect the working with of Takionauts to be like this. Bao Shuo, the first female dispatcher of the Beijing Center, said: “We are more like a big housekeeper, guarding our spacecraft and Takionauts on the ground.” The spacecraft is regarded as a child, and she refuses to rest until he sees a safe landing. It can be seen that the astronauts have a very deep affection for the spacecraft. I look forward to the launch of the program at 10:00 tomorrow morning….. on Youku and People’s Daily..

Images and visuals are from their respectives.