As of Month of January 2022, The CNSA –China National Space Administration CLEP- China Lunar Exploration Program Belt and Road Initiative Lunar Mission……Chang’e-4 with Yutu two the Lunar rover still working exploring more than 1003.9 meters on the other side of the moon on the 103 Kilometers Diameter Von Karman Crater in which is least than two length by length fifty five Kilometers Hong Kong –Macau- Zhuhai Bridges …. Working Exploring the Crater on the other side of the Moon Chang’e Luna…. At the moment it’s resting till the next set of adventuring parameters is need..
As of the latest of the Change 4 lunar lander still constant working while Yutu 2 the lunar Rover takes a break after visiting it’ creative lunar rock art forming a Jade Rabbit snacking on lunar Carrot. The latest scientific achievements of the Chang’e-4 neutral atom detector嫦娥四号中性原子探测仪最新科学成果……
As we all know, the earth has a strong global magnetic field. When the solar wind “invades” the earth, a huge protective umbrella, the magnetosphere, will form around the earth, blocking most of the solar wind. Due to the lack of this global magnetic field and dense atmosphere on the moon, the lunar surface is directly exposed to the deep space, and the solar wind and the earth’s wind can directly bombard the lunar surface, producing various effects. The current data from China’s Chang’e, Japan’s Moon Goddess, India’s Chandrayaan-1, and the US Interstellar Boundary Probe show that about 0.1-1% of the solar wind protons in the general area will be scattered by the lunar surface, and 10-20% of the solar wind protons will be scattered with the lunar surface. After the action, it is converted into energy neutral atoms, and most of the remaining will be injected into the lunar soil to produce lunar water. Although the moon does not have a global magnetic field, there are many magnetic anomaly areas scattered on the lunar surface, and the magnetic field strength on the lunar surface is about several hundred nT. It can block part of the solar wind from bombarding the lunar surface, and the reflectivity of solar wind protons increases significantly in large-scale magnetic anomalies. Detecting energy-neutral atoms can reveal the microphysical mechanisms of the interactions between the solar wind, the Earth’s wind and the lunar surface, revealing small-scale features.
On January 3, 2019, Chang’e-4 landed on the Von Karman impact crater in the South Pole-Aiken Basin on the far side of the moon, and the Neutral Atom Detector (ASAN) on the Yutu-2 lunar rover was energy neutral to the lunar surface for the first time on the far side of the moon. Atoms (ENA) make observations. Based on the analysis of the ENA energy spectrum obtained by ASAN from January 11, 2019 to October 12, 2020, the study found that in most lunar days, the ENA differential flux on the morning side is higher than that on the dusk side; The analysis of the observation data of the Atom Detector and the ARTEMIS satellite during the same period found that the differential flux of ENA in different energy ranges on the morning side and the dusk side is positively correlated with the solar wind state parameters such as flux, density and dynamic pressure. This is the first time to calculate the electrostatic potential above the magnetic anomaly using the observation data of neutral atoms on the lunar surface, updating the understanding of the interaction between particles and the magnetic anomaly. The results have extensive reference value for the study of solar wind, terrestrial wind and celestial bodies without atmosphere and global magnetic field (such as asteroids or comets).
The deceleration of solar wind protons is associated with magnetic anomalies.
The research results were published in Astrophysical Journal Letters, an authoritative magazine in the industry. The first author of the paper is Wang Huizi, a doctoral student in the Interaction Group of the Magnetosphere and the Solar Wind at Shandong University. Zhang Jiang from the Planetary Science Research Group, and the co-authors of the paper are from Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Peking University, Space Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Earth Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences, etc.
众所周知，地球有着强大的全球磁场，太阳风“入侵”地球时，地球周围会形成一个巨大的保护伞——磁层，阻挡了绝大部分太阳风。而月球由于缺少这种全球磁场和浓密大气，月球表面直接暴露于深空中，太阳风、地球风可以直接轰击月表，产生各种各样的效应。目前来自中国嫦娥、日本月亮女神、印度月船一号以及美国星际边界探测器的数据表明，一般区域大约0.1-1%的太阳风质子会被月表散射，10-20%的太阳风质子与月表作用后转化成能量中性原子，剩下大部分会注入月壤产生月球水。虽然月球没有全球磁场，但在月表散落着多个磁场异常区，在月表磁场强度约几百nT，当太阳风与磁异常相互作用时，也会形成一个小保护伞——微磁层，也可以阻挡一部分太阳风轰击月表，太阳风质子的反射率在大尺度磁异常区明显增加。探测能量中性原子可以揭示太阳风、地球风与月表相互作用的微观物理机制，揭示其中的小尺度特征。
2019年1月3日，嫦娥四号着陆在月球背面南极-艾肯盆地冯•卡门撞击坑，玉兔二号月球车上的中性原子探测仪（ASAN）首次在月球背面对月表能量中性原子（ENA）开展观测。该研究在分析2019年1月11日至2020年10月12日ASAN获取的ENA能谱的基础上，发现大多数月昼中，晨侧ENA微分通量高于昏侧；结合嫦娥四号中性原子探测仪和ARTEMIS卫星同期的观测数据分析发现，晨侧和昏侧不同能量范围的ENA微分通量与太阳风状态参数如通量、密度及动压呈正相关关系。这是首次利用月表中性原子观测数据计算磁异常上方的静电势，更新了粒子与磁异常相互作用的认识。该成果对研究太阳风、地球风与无大气无全球磁场的天体（如小行星或彗星）具有广泛的参考价值。
该研究成果发表于业内权威杂志Astrophysical Journal Letters，该论文的第一作者是山东大学磁层与太阳风相互作用课题组博士生王慧姿，通讯作者为山东大学磁层与太阳风相互作用课题组长史全岐教授和行星科学课题组张江老师，论文的合作者来自于日本宇宙航空研究开发机构、北京大学、中科院空间中心、中科院地球所等。
Materials provided by: Wang Huizi素材提供：王慧姿